542 



SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



bordered pores, occasionally with spiral thickenings; fragments of 

 cork layer few, the walls being of a reddish-brown color; an occa- 

 sional fragment with long, narrow, thin-walled lacticiferous tubes, 

 having a yellowish-brown, granular content. 



Constituents. Cynotoxin (apocynamarin), a dilactone of Kiliani's 

 oxydigitogenic acid, or of an isomeride, forms small rhombic pyra- 

 mids, which are sparingly soluble in water and the usual organic 



FIG. 231. Apocynum androssomifolium: A, flowering branch; B, a fruit con- 

 sisting of 2 follicles; E, flower; G, longitudinal section of flower; H, single 

 stamen with long spurs (s); J, uniseriate hair from leaf; K, tracheae with 

 bordered pores (t) and wood fibers (w); L, a few bast fibers and adjoining 

 parenchyma cells containing starch. Apocynum cannabinum : C, two of the 

 opposite, nearly sessile leaves; D, fruit; F, flower; /, seed with coma of 

 long, 1-celled, hyaline hairs. 



solvents, and is extremely bitter. Apocynin (0.2 per cent) occurs 

 in slender colorless prisms with a slight odor of vanillin, and is appa- 

 rently identical with acetovanillon. There are also present a glu- 

 coside, apocynein; a volatile oil; resin; tannin; starch; and from 

 10 to 11.6 per cent of ash. 



Apocynum androssemifolium. The plant somewhat resembles 

 A- cannabinum, but is distinguished by the petiolate leaves, the larger 



