564 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Description. Leaves more or less crumpled; when entire, ovate- 

 lanceolate, petiolate, summit acute or acuminate, base cuneate, 

 somewhat unequal, margin coarsely serrate; olive-green to greenish- 

 brown, glandular-hairy, midrib and veins of the first and second 

 order prominent; petioles from 5 to 10 mm. in length; odor aromatic; 

 taste sweetish, terebinthinate and slightly pungent. 



Inner Structure. The leaves are especially characterized by the 

 long-pointed, unicellular, thick-walled hairs from 0.150 to 0.300 mm. 

 in length, and containing a cystolith at the base; glandular hairs 

 having short stalks and a 6- to 8-celled head, the latter from 0.015 

 to 0.030 mm. in diameter, and having a nearly colorless content; 

 epidermal cells wavy in outline; stomata elliptical, from 0.015 to 

 0.035 mm. in length, and having the neighboring cells transverse to 

 the pore. 



Constituents. A volatile oil containing a camphor, lippiol; 

 tannic acid, colored greenish with ferric salts; and a yellow coloring 

 principle resembling quercetin. 



Lippia Scaberrima. An aromatic drug of South Africa reputed to 

 possess remarkable haemostatic properties. The drug contains about 

 0.25 per cent of a volatile oil; a crystalline alcohol, lippianol; two 

 yellow crystalline substances; a glucosidal substance; and a number 

 of acids and esters. Power and Tutin, Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1907, 

 p. 449. 



LABIATE, OR MINT FAMILY 



A large family of herbs and shrubs, comprising about 3000 

 species and widely distributed. There are about 40 different genera 

 of the Labiatae represented in the United States. They are char- 

 acterized by having square stems, opposite leaves, bilabiate flowers 

 and small indehiscent fruits consisting of 4 nutlets. The plants of 

 the Labiatse are especially characterized by the development of 

 glandular hairs containing a volatile oil. These hairs consist of a 

 short unicellular stalk, and a glandular head consisting of 6 or 8 

 cells, the upper portion being raised like a bladder owing to the great 

 accumulation of volatile oil. In the dried drug material these hairs 

 usually appear as spheroidal bodies, about 0.100 mm. in diameter 

 filled with a yellowish oily secretion, in which the cellular structure is 

 frequently not easily discernible. The non-glandular hairs occur in 

 a number of specific forms. In the stomata the subsidiary cells lie 

 transverse to the pore. Calcium oxalate is secreted in the form of 

 small needles or short rods, rarely as rosette aggregates. The 



