SAGE 573 



leaves, the cymose inflorescence and the four-lobed corolla. The 

 oil of European pennyroyal closely resembles that of Hedeoma and is 

 frequently substituted for it. 



WILD MINT (Mentha canadensis), a perennial herb common in 

 wet places in the United States, has ovate-oblong or lanceolate leaves, 

 in the axils of which whorls or globular clusters of flowers arise. 

 The plant has an odor of pennyroyal and yields 1.25 per cent of a 

 volatile oil from which pulegone and thymol or carvacrol have been 

 isolated. 



WATER MINT (Mentha aquatica), a plant found in wet places 

 from New England to Delaware, yields about 0.34 per cent of a vola- 

 tile oil having the odor of pennyroyal. 



Oil of Russian pennyroyal contains pulegone, but the botanical 

 origin is not known. 



Literature. Holm, Merck's Report, 1908, p. 115. 



SALVIA. Sage. The leaves of Salvia officinalis (Fam, Labiatse), 

 a perennial herb indigenous to southern Europe, and cultivated in 

 England; France, Germany and the United States, both for use as a 

 drug and as a pot herb. The leaves are collected when the plants 

 are in flower, and carefully dried in the shade. 



Description. Oblong-lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 10 cm. in length, 

 1 to 2.5 cm. in breadth; summit acute; base rounded or somewhat 

 heart-shaped, frequently lobed; margin crenulate; upper surface 

 grayish-green, densely pubescent when the leaves are young, the 

 older leaves being nearly smooth, midrib and veins depressed; under 

 surface light grayish-green, midrib prominent, veins of first order 

 diverging at an angle of 55 and running nearly parallel to the margin, 

 minutely reticulate and densely pubescent; petiole 1 to 4 cm. in 

 length, upper side grooved, grayish-purple; texture velvety, more or 

 less pliable ; odor aromatic ; taste aromatic and bitter. 



Inner Structure. Non-glandular hairs, numerous, uniseriate, 

 consisting of 2 to 5 cells, the lower being thick-walled and containing 

 air. Glandular hairs of 3 types: (a) one having a 2-' to 4-celled stalk, 

 and a small 1-celled head; (6) another having a 1-celled stalk and a 

 2-celled head; (c) a third without a stalk and having an 8-celled 

 glandular head, containing a brownish secretion. Cells of upper 

 epidermis polygonal in surface view and thick-walled. Cells of lower 

 epidermis having in surface view undulate and thin walls. 



Powder. Dark green; consisting of numerous characteristic 

 non-glandular hairs, also reddish glandular hairs as described above. 



Constituents. Volatile oil 0.5 to 2.5 per cent, containing pinene, 

 cineol, thujon and borneol; a bitter principle somewhat resembling 



