578 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Description. Florets, bi-labiate from 5 to 8 mm. in length, having 

 a short stalk or being nearly sessile; calyx, tubular about 4 mm. in 

 length, obscurely 5-toothed, prominently nerved and dark blue in 

 color, the lower portion being somewhat grayish and hairy, the 

 corolla about 4 mm. in length, dark blue or bluish-brown, tubular, 

 limb being two-lipped; stamens 4 inserted; tube of corolla with 

 characteristic corkscrew-like hairs which are glandular; odor, strongly 

 aromatic and distinct; taste, aromatic, slightly pungent and some- 

 what bitter. 



Constituents. A pale yellow or yellowish-green, very fragrant 

 volatile oil from 0.8 to 2.8 per cent, the principal constituent of which 

 is 1-linalyl acetate, which occurs to the extent of 30 to 45 per cent in 

 the French oil. It also contains an ester of butyric acid and possibly 

 also esters of butyric and valerianic acid. According to the amount 

 of linayl acetate the French lavender oils are divided into two classes: 

 (a) Those with more than 36 per cent of ester, possessing the finest 

 and most intense aroma, being produced in the southern French Alps. 

 (6) Those having from 30 to 36 per cent of ester. The English oils 

 contain from 7 to 11 per cent of linalyl acetate and are also known 

 for their fragrancy having a cineol-like odor. 



Adulterants. Oil of lavender is adulterated with turpentine oil, 

 cedarwood oil and spike oil. The latter is obtained from Lavandula 

 spica DC. A plant which grows in the same sections with lavender 

 in the Mediterranean countries. Spike oil has a camphor-like odor 

 reminding one of a mixture of lavender and rosemary. Spike oil 

 contains a camphor which is not present in genuine lavender oil. 

 It also contains borneol, cineol, linalool, and probably terpineol. 



Collinsonia. RHIZOMA COLLINSONLE, STONEROOT, KNOTROOT 

 OR HORSE-BALM ROOT. The rhizome and roots of Collinsonia cana- 

 dense (Fam. Labiatae), a perennial herb, growing in moist woods 

 throughout the central and eastern United States. The rhizomes 

 with adhering roots are gathered in the fall and employed in either 

 the fresh or dried condition. 



Description. Rhizome horizontal, irregularly branched, the 

 termination of the branches rounded and knotty; from 3 to 15 cm. 

 in length, and 1 to 2 cm. in thickness; externally light or dark yellow- 

 ish-brown, roughened from the sharp ridges of bud scales, short 

 conical buds and root bases, upper surface having very shallow stem- 

 scars; very hard, tough; inner surface light yellowish having a thin 

 bark, a narrow layer of wood, and a very large pith; odor slight; 

 taste slightly pungent. Roots filiform, dark brown, more or less 

 curved and branching at the ends. 



