592 



SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Literature. Kraemer, Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1908, p. 459. 



Scopola. BELLADONNA SCOPOLIA. The dried rhizome of Sco- 

 polia carniolica (Fam. Solanaceae), a perennial herb growing in the 

 region of the eastern Alps, Carpathian Mountains and neighboring 



FIG. 252. Scopolia carniolica: A, leaf. B, a fruit showing long stalk and 

 slightly lobed calyx. C, portion of calyx showing broadly acute lobes. 

 D, E, transverse sections of leaf showing upper epidermis (e), palisade 

 cells (p), loose parenchyma (m), collenchyma (c), lower epidermis (I), fibro- 

 vascular bundle with a single trachea (v), stoma (s). F, epidermal cells of 

 lower surface showing foldings due to irregularity of the outer walls. G, 

 epidermal cells and stoma from lower surface. H, glandular hairs (which 

 are only occasionally present). 7, fragment of leaf showing spiral tracheae 

 (0 cells containing sphenoidal microcrystals of calcium oxalate (c). K, 

 isolated crystals of calcium oxalate, which sometimes occur in aggregates 

 from 0.025 to 0.040 mm. in diameter. L, fragment of stem showing tracheae 

 with reticulate thickening (r), simple pores (p) and spiral thickening (s). 



regions. Atropa Belladonna and Scopolia carniolica are closely 

 related. The former belongs to the Solanea>Lyciinae, or group of 



