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SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



POWDER. (Fig. 282.) Light brown; bast fibers spindle-shaped, 

 yellowish, 0.030 to 1.350 mm. in length, with thick, strongly lignified, 

 lamellated walls having slit-like, oblique pores; sphenoidal micro- 

 crystals of calcium oxalate numerous; parenchymatous cells with 



B 



FIG. 281. A, transverse section of red cinchona; K, cork; Ca, sphenoidal micro- 

 crystals of calcium oxalate; P, parenchyma containing starch: L, secretory 

 sacs containing gum, resin and tannin; MR, medullary rays; BF, bast 

 fibers; S, sieve. B, longitudinal section of same showing two porous bast 

 fibers surrounded by parenchyma cells. 



reddish-brown tannin masses; starch grains relatively few, either 

 single or 2- to 5-compound, the individual grains from 0.003 to 0.010 

 mm. in diameter. 



The following test is distinctive for red Cinchona. If 1 gm. 



