IPECAC 641 



of water of crystallization giving [(C 

 This same salt is formed upon re-crystallizing (1) from hot alcoholic 

 solutions. (3) The acid sulphate or bisulphate contains seven mole- 

 cules of water of crystallization (C2oH24N2O2.H2SO4+7H2O), is also 

 official, and has been described. 1 (4) There is also a tetrasulphate of 

 quinine having the formula (C2oH2oN2O2.2H 2 SO4+7H 2 O). 2 



At 25 C. one part of quinine sulphate (containing 8H2O) is 

 soluble in 720 parts of water; 86 parts of alcohol; 400 parts of 

 chloroform. It is readily soluble in a mixture of chloroform (2 

 parts) and absolute alcohol (1 part); and one part is soluble in 36 

 parts of glycerin at 25 C. It is only sparingly soluble in ether. When 

 crystallized from a dilute alcoholic solution, upon a microscopical 

 slide, the individual needles may attain a length of 4 mm. (Fig. 226). 



Allied Plants. Loxa or Huanco (Cinchona pallida) bark is 

 obtained from Cinchona officinalis, a shrub indigenous to Ecua- 

 dor, which was the species first discovered. The plant is cultivated 

 in nearly all the large cinchona plantations and yields a bark (Fig. 

 279) that contains 1 to 4 per cent of total alkaloids, from one-half to 

 two-thirds of which is quinine. 



Cuprea Bark is obtained from Remijia Purdieana and R. pedun- 

 culata, of central and southern Colombia. It has a copper-red color, 

 is hard, compact and heavy, contains numerous transversely elongated 

 stone cells and 2 to 6 per cent of alkaloids, of which one-third may be 

 quinine. Cinchonidine has never been isolated from this bark. 

 Cuprea bark also contains caffeate of quinine and caffeic acid, of 

 which there is about 0.5 per cent and which closely resembles the 

 same acid obtained from caffeotannic acid in coffee. 



Literature. Howard, Bull. Imperial Inst., 1918, 16, Pt. 3. 



IPECACUANHA. Ipecac. The dried root of Cephaelis Ipecacu- 

 anha [Uragoga Ipecacuanha (Fam. Rubiacese)], a shrub indigenous 

 to Brazil, and sparingly cultivated near Singapore. The commercial 

 supply is obtained from Matta Grosso, Brazil, and is known as Rio, 

 Brazilian or Para Ipecac. The roots are gathered during the dry 

 season and dried as quickly as possible, being placed in the sun during 

 the day and covered at night, so that in the course of 2 or 3 days 

 they are ready for market. 



The roots of Cephaelis acuminata, a plant closely related to 

 Cephaelis Ipecacuanha and indigenous to the northern and central 

 portion of the United States of Colombia, are exported from Car- 



^h. Hjortdahl, Zeitsch. f. Krystallog., 1879, p. 303; see also Hahn, Arch. 

 d. Pharm., 1859, p. 148. 



2 Briihl, Die Pflanzen-Alkaloide, p. 182. 



