GRINDELIA 677 



Literature. Hanausek and Winton, The Microscopy of Tech- 

 nical Products, p. 310; Sievers, Pharm. Era, 1918, 51, p. 121; Faes, 

 Schweiz. Apoth. Ztg., 1918, 56, p. 429. 



Grindelia. The leaves and flowering tops of Grindelia squarrosa, 

 G. camporum and G. cuneifolia (Fam. Compositse), perennial herb 

 of western North America. Grindelia robusta, or gum plant grow- 

 ing on the borders of California and Mexico and extending to Minne- 

 sota and in British America from Manitoba to the Saskatchewan; 

 Grindelia camporum, the common gum plant of California, is found 

 extensively in the western and central portion of California; Grindelia 

 cuneifolia and its variety palugosa is indigenous to the marshes of 

 upper California. Grindelia is collected in early summer, when the 

 leaves and flowering tops are covered with a resinous exudation, and 

 dried. 



Grindelia Squarrosa. Stem cylindrical, lemon-yellow or rose- 

 colored, 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, longitudinally wrinkled, glandular- 

 hairy, nearly glabrous, resinous; internodes 8 to 35 mm. in length. 

 Leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, from 1 to 5 cm. in length; summit 

 acute; base sessile or amplexicaul; margin entire or spinosely 

 toothed; upper surface light green or yellowish-green, covered with 

 resin and with occasional black disks of a species of Puccinia; under 

 surface grayish-green, somewhat resinous; texture somewhat coria- 

 ceous, brittle when dry. Heads many-flowered, truncate-conical or 

 depressed urceolate, about 1 to 2 crn, in diameter, with numerous 

 lanceolate-acuminate, imbricate and resinous involucral bracts having 

 more or less recurved tips; torus flat, deeply pitted; ray-flowers 

 brownish-yellow and pistillate; tubular flowers yellowish-brown, 

 perfect. Achenes slightly curved, 4-angled, about 3 mm. in length, 

 commonly (but not always) corky-thickened and having a broad 

 truncate summit, those toward the center narrower and thinner 

 walled and with smaller areola; odor, aromatic; taste, aromatic 

 and bitter. 



Grindelia Camporum. The leaves are broadly oblong or spatulate 

 and shorter than those of G. squarrosa; the achenes are distinctly 

 crescent-shaped and bi-auriculate at the summit. 



Grindelia Cuneifolia. The leaves are cuneate-oblong, from 2 to 10 

 cm. in length, having a very distinct midrib and a sheathing amplex- 

 icaul base. They are also less coriaceous and of a dark green or 

 greenish-brown color. The stigmas are very long, acute and pubes- 

 cent and the achenes are bi-auriculate. 



INNER STRUCTURE See Fig. 298. 



Powder. Light greenish-brown or yellowish-brown; especially 



