682 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



and with short, unicellular, alternate branches; tracheae spiral, 

 annular, or with bordered pores; sclerenchymatous fibers thin- 

 walled, non-lignified, having few, simple, oblique pores. 



Constituents. Volatile oil; a bitter, crystalline glucoside, eupa- 

 torin; resin; a crystalline wax; a glucosidal coloring principle related 

 to tannin but crystallizing in small yellow needles, and giving an 

 orange-red precipitate with lead acetate solution; a glucosidal 

 tannin, which is colored deep green with ferric chloride and gives a 

 yellow precipitate with lead acetate solution; gallic acid; ash 7.5 

 to 9.9 per cent. 



Allied Plants. Purple boneset or Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium 

 purpureum), a common herb (Fig. 370) in low grounds in eastern and 

 central North America, is a tall stout herb, with oblong-lanceolate 

 leaves, 3 to 6 in a whorl and light purplish-red flowers in dense 

 corymbs. Purple boneset contains a volatile oil, 0.07 per cent; a 

 yellow crystalline principle euparin, which somewhat resembles 

 quercitrin; resin, 0.25 per cent; calcium oxalate, 1.82 per cent; and 

 ash, 14 per cent. Dog-fennel (E. fseniculaceum), a perennial herb, 

 with alternate, 1- to 2-pinnately parted leaves and white flowers, 

 which is common in the Southern States, yields a volatile oil which 

 contains considerable phellandrene. 



The root of Eupatorium perfoliatum contains about 5 per cent of 

 inulin. 



Literature. Holm, Merck's Report, 1908, p. 326. 



ABSINTHIUM. Common Wormwood or Absinth. The leaves 

 and flowering tops of Artemisia Absinthium (Fam. Compositse), a 

 shrubby, perennial herb, growing in waste places in the northern 

 United States and Canada. It is cultivated in Europe, northern 

 Africa, New York, Michigan, Nebraska and Wisconsin. The vola- 

 tile oil is used in the preparation of the French Absinthe. The leaves 

 and flowering tops are gathered during the summer or early fall, 

 carefully dried and preserved. 



Description. Leaves from 5 to 12 cm. in length, 2- to 3-pin- 

 nately divided, the lobes being obovate or lanceolate, entire or 

 toothed, the lower being long petiolate; heads greenish-yellow, 

 hemispherical or ovoid and arranged in panicles, the involucral 

 scales being in 2 series, the inner linear and having membranous 

 margins, the florets are all tubular, the outer ones sometimes being 

 neutral. The herb is aromatic and very bitter. 



Inner Structure. Non-glandular hairs of 2 kinds: (a), uni- 

 cellular, very long; (6), T-hairs consisting of a 1- to 4-celled stalk, 

 bearing a single horizontal cell at the summit; glandular hairs having 



