CHICORY 689 



nated " cluytianol " (see Cluytia similis, p. 401), but which appa- 

 rently is a phytosterol glucoside. 



Literature. Power, Jour. Chem. Sec., 1912, p. 2411. 



CICHOKIUM. Chicory, Succory or Blue Dandelion Root. 

 The rhizome and roots of Cichorium Intybus (Fam. Composite), 

 a perennial herb, indigenous to Europe and localized throughout the 

 northern United States and Canada. The rhizome, with its continu- 

 ation, the root, is upright, fusiform, and deep seated. They are 

 gathered in the autumn and cut transversely to facilitate drying. 

 The product should be stored in tightly closed containers, to which a 

 few drops of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride should be added, 

 from time to time, to prevent the development of insects. 



Chicory somewhat resembles Taraxacum, but the outer surface 

 is light or dark brown, and irregularly, often spirally wrinkled; 

 the inner surface shows a thick bark, having radiating strands of 

 phloem; a yellowish wood having narrow radiating medullary 

 rays, and xylem wedges with broad trachea. 



Chicory, when ground, is used as a substitute for coffee. The 

 fragments are irregular, dark brown in color, soft and having a sweet- 

 ish taste. When placed in water, the fragments sink, imparting to 

 the solution a yellowish-brown color. Under the microscope the 

 fragments show irregular masses of inulin in the parenchyma cells; 

 branching latex vessels from 0.005 to 0.010 mm. in width; tracheae 

 short, more or less cylindrical, with pointed ends, from 0.100 to 0.200 

 mm. in length and 0.020 to 0.040 mm. in width, having large, ellip- 

 tical, simple pores. Associated with the tracheae are slightly thick- 

 ened, elongated parenchyma cells with narrow, oblique pores. 



Chicory is sometimes adulterated with the roots of dandelion, 

 carrot, beet and turnip, as well as cereal products. Winton and 

 Moeller, Microscopy of Vegetable Foods, p. 438. 



INULA. Elecampane. The rhizome and roots of Inula Helenium 

 (Fam. Compositse), a large perennial herb, indigenous to central 

 Europe and Asia, and naturalized from Canada to North Carolina. 

 The rhizome with branching roots, of 2- or 3-year old plants, are col- 

 lected, either in the spring or fall, cut longitudinally, carefully 

 dried and preserved. Sometimes the roots are cut transversely and 

 occasionally the outer corky layers are removed. 



Description. When entire fusiform, irregularly branching, the 

 crown being somewhat annulate and surmounted by a stem scar, 

 the lower portion being longitudinally wrinkled; the pieces, very 

 irregular in shape, varying in length from 3 to 8 cm., and 0.6 to 4 cm. 

 in diameter; externally light to dark brown, longitudinally wrinkled, 



