4 HYBRIDITY OP THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



With regard to the mop-headed Papuans, they live in a re- 

 gion the ethnography of which is scarcely known. MM. Quoy 

 and Graimard are of opinion that they are the issue of a mixture 

 between the Malays and indigenous Negroes (sic) ; but they 



Africa in 1673, twenty years after the first disembarkation of Europeans, 

 already mentions the existence of a Hottentot people who went by the name 

 of Gregoriquos (t. xv, p. 122). Thirty years after (1705) Kolbe designates the 

 same people Gauriquas (t. xv, p. 253). There existed at that time another 

 people, called Chirigriquas. In 1775 Thunberg still speaks of Gauriquas 

 (t. xvi, p. 201), and of Chirigriquas. All these names have evidently the 

 same root, and the singularity of Hottentot enunciation induced probably 

 the various travellers to adopt a different orthography. It is thus presuma- 

 ble that the Hottentots of Klaarwater, in calling themselves Griquas, merely 

 adopted the old name Gauriquas. There exists to this day the people Kora- 

 quas, signifying "people who wear shoes" (Burchell, t. xx, p. 60), They live 

 in the neighbourhood of Klaarwater. Be this as it may, the new people of 

 the Griquas gave to Klaarwater, influenced by the English missionaries, the 

 name of Griqua-town. This town, called by Malte-Brun Kriqua, grew 

 rapidly by the adjunction of the Koranas. In 1813 there were not less than 

 1,341 Koranas in a population of 2,607 inhabitants (t. xviii, p. 393). In 1814 

 the governor of the Cape tried to force the Griquas to furnish men for the 

 indigenous army. The proposal was very badly received, and the nation was 

 nearly in a state of dissolution. A portion of the inhabitants of Griqua-town 

 escaped to the surrounding mountains, and formed bands of robbers, who, 

 under the name of Bergmaars, devastated the country, and, associating with 

 bands of Koranas, pillaged and massacred the Betchouanas and the Bosjes- 

 men, and carried off their women and children. In 1825, owing to the inter- 

 vention of John Philips, the Bergmaars were reduced to order, and returned 

 to Griqua-town. They had now crossed with the Koranas, the Betchouanas, 

 and Bosjesmen (t. xviii, p. 357). Some time previously a grave dissension had 

 broken out among the settled Griquas. The governor of the Cape had sent an 

 agent, John Melvil, with an important charge to a certain Waterboer, a Bos- 

 jesman by origin. The supremacy had hitherto belonged to the family Kok, 

 who, proud of the drops of European blood in their veins, woidd not recognise 

 the authority of Waterboer, and emigrated accordingly, Waterboer was, 

 however, not dismissed ; and in 1825 John Philips found the Griquas divided 

 in three kraals, under the chiefs Kok, Berend, and Waterboer (t. xix, p. 370). 

 If Dr. Prichard had taken the trouble to consult these documents he would 

 have recognised that the Griquas had, by so many consecutive crossings, be- 

 come almost a pure African race. Modern geographers range therefore the 

 Griquas among the Hottentots, calling them Hottentot-Griquas. It is also 

 noteworthy that Prichard, in citing the Griquas as an example of a mixed 

 race, has given no description of them. In order that the example should be 

 of any value, it is requisite that the Griquas should present an intermediate 

 type between the Europeans and the natives. Neither Dr. Prichard nor any 

 travellers say so. There is another consideration. The origin of the Griqua 

 nation dates from the beginning of the nineteenth century. Dr. Prichard 

 last speaks of them in 1843. Two generations had not yet elapsed. There 

 is another point. In 1800 the tribe of Kok was a horde but little numerous ; 

 in 1824 it was a people of five thousand souls, including seven hundred armed 

 warriors (Thompson, loc. cit., t. xxi, p. 22). It is clear that this people were 

 not descended from the primitive tribe, but had increased by numerous ad- 

 junctions. Father Peteam himself, if he were still alive, would be obliged to 

 admit this. I have been very minute as to the Griquas, but I flatter myself 

 that this is sufficient to discard from science the assertion of Prichard, which 

 all modern monogenists have received with so much favour. 



