44 INTERMIXTURE OF CERTAIN RACES 



In investigating hybridity in animals, we have found that 

 homceogenesis is not always exactly proportional to the degree 

 of proximity of species ; we would especially point out that 

 the chabeins, or hybrids of the goat and the sheep, are superior 

 to the mules of the ass and the mare, though there is a greater 

 difference between goats and sheep than between the horse 

 aud the ass. 1 It is not less true that in general, though with 

 some exceptions, the results of intermixture are more defective 

 in proportion as the species are more distant from each other. 

 This leads us to study human hybridity in such regions where 

 the most elevated races have come into contact with the most 

 inferior races. What are the two races forming the extremes 

 of the human species ? Several English authors express the 

 conviction that the Anglo-Saxon, or rather the Germanic race, 

 to which they belong, is the first race of humanity. M. Alex. 

 Harvey is even pleased to believe that Providence has created 

 it to rule all the rest. 2 Patriotism is a virtue which is entitled 

 to our esteem. We shall, therefore, not attempt diminishing 

 the satisfaction of our allies across the straits, and we shall, at 

 any rate, acknowledge that the race which has produced a 

 Leibnitz and a Newton is inferior to none. 



the European races, especially those of the south, differ infinitely less from 

 the American races than from the Ethiopian and the intermediate characters; 

 even Mulattoes of the first degree are much less marked in the first than in 

 the second case. Thus the famous Paulistas of the province of Saint-Paul, 

 Brazil, issued from the union of Portuguese and Indians, constitute a vigo- 

 rous class, brave, and even heroic, though ferocious and turbulent. Accord- 

 ing to certain authors, the European blood predominates in them ; others, 

 on the contrary, maintain that they are pure Indians. These contradictions 

 prove the difficulty of estimating the degree o the intermixture between 

 the Mulattoes sprung from Europeans and Indians. The question whether 

 Mulattoes of the first degree are indefinitely prolific between themselves, 

 whether they are habitually, or only exceptionally so, cannot be solved by 

 travellers. Resident observers, and especially physicians, may ultimately 

 furnish precise facts. 



1 The Chabeins are eugenesic hybrids, while mules, properly so called, are 

 dysgenesic hybrids. 



2 Monthly Journal of Medical Science, Edinburgh, vol. xi, p. 301, 1850. 

 [The most flagrant instance of this is to be found amongst the mixed 

 blooded descendants of the Anglo-Saxon, German, Dutch, French, and Irish 

 nations in the Federal States of America, whose " manifest destiny," accord- 

 ing to their own hope, is the " annexation" of the civilised world. The Pu- 

 ritans of New England founded their claims to the colony on the following 

 propositions : 1. That the earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof. 2. 

 That God has given the earth to be inhabited by his saints. 3. That we are 

 the saints. The aborigines of the country were accordingly extirpated, to 

 carry out practically these sentiments. Editor.] 



