24 DARWINISM AND POLITICS. 



a reco gnition of the difference introduced into 

 n a-tural evolution by the appearance of consc iotis- 

 ness ? I shall not now attempt to work out all 

 the philosophical implications involved in this 

 recognition of consciousness : nor, in order to 

 show how through consciousness man becomes 

 free from the tyranny of nature, shall I quote 

 the words of any one whose evidence might be 

 suspected because he might be called a mere 

 metaphysician. I shall quote the words of a 

 witness whom no scientific man would reject 

 Professor Huxley : 



" Society, like art, is a part of nature. But it is conve nient 

 to distinguish those parts of nature in which man plax s the 

 part ot immediate cause as something apart ; and, ther efore. 

 soci etyTlike art, is usefully to be considered as distincL from 

 n ature.^ It is the m ore d esirabl e, and even necessa ry, to 

 make this distinction, since society differs f rom na ture in 

 ha ving a detinUe" moral obieg t ; whence it comes about that 

 the course shaped by the ethical man the member of society 

 or citizen necessarily runs counter to that which the rron- 

 ethical man the primitive savage, or man as a mere member 

 of the animal kingdom tends to adopt. Th_iailn_fights 

 out the struggle for existence to the bit ter end, like ^a nv 

 other _a.nimal ; the tormer devotes his best energies to the 

 obje ct of s e tting limits to the strug gle. 



" The history of civilisation that is of society is the 

 record of the attempts which the human race has made to> 



