Introduction. 5 



station test, 1 and the Beimling (Leffmann and Beam) test. 2 Of 

 foreign methods published at about the same time, or previously, 

 the Lactocrite, 8 Liebermann's method, 4 the Schmid, 8 Thorner,* 

 Nahm, 7 Rose-Gottlieb, 8 sin-acid method, 9 and the Gerber sal- 

 method 10 may be noted. 



8. All these tests were similar in principle, the solids 

 not fat of the milk being in all cases dissolved by the 

 action of one or more chemicals, and the fat either 

 measured as such in a narrow graduated tube, or 

 brought into solution with ether, gasoline, etc., and a 

 portion thereof weighed on evaporation of the solvent. 

 While this principle is an old one, having been em- 

 ployed in chemical laboratories for generations, its 

 adaptation to practical conditions, and the details as 

 to apparatus and chemicals used were, of course, new 

 and different in each case. The American tests given 

 were adopted to a limited extent within the states in 

 which they originated and even outside of them, as in 

 the case of the Short, Patrick and Beimling methods. 

 The Babcock test, however, soon replaced the different 

 methods mentioned, and during- the past twenty years 

 it has now been in almost exclusive use in creamer- 

 ies and 'cheese factories in this country, where payments 

 are made on the basis of the quality of the milk deliv- 



1 la. exp. sta., bull. No. 8, Feb. 1890 ; Iowa Homestead, June 1.4, 1889. 



2 Vermont exp. sta., bull. No. 21, September, 1890. For description 

 of these and other volumetric methods of milk analysis, see Wiley, Agri- 

 cultural Analysis, Vol. Ill, p. 490 et seq. ; Wing, Milk and its Products, 

 p. 33 et seq., and Snyder, Chemistry of Dairying, pp. 112-113. 



3 Analyst, 1887, p. G. 

 4 Fresenius' Zeitschr., 22, 383. 

 5 Ibid., 27, 464. 



Chem. CentralbL, 1892, 429. 



7 Milch-Zeitung, 1894, No. 35; 1897, No. 50. 



8 Landw. Vers. Stat., 40, 1. 



9 Milch-Zeitung, 1904, No. 27. 



10 Milch-Zeitung, 1906, No. 8. 



