46 Testing Milk and Its Products. 



ette. The lower part should be small enough to fit 

 loosely into the neck of the test bottle, and not con- 

 tracted to a fine hole at the point; the point should be 

 large enough to allow a quick emptying of the pipette 

 (fig. 17) and not so large that it is difficult to use it. 

 An opening of about % in. diameter will be found 

 satisfactory. 



^49. Fool pipettes. Soon after the Babcock test began to be 

 generally used at creameries as a basis of payment for the milk, 

 a creamery supply house put on the market a 20 cc. milk-meas- 

 uring pipette, -which was claimed to show the exact butter value 

 of milk, instead of its content of butter fat, as is the case in 

 using the ordinary 17.6 cc. pipette. A 20 cc. pipette will de- 

 liver 2.4 cc. more milk than a 17.'6 cc. pipette, (or 13.6 per cent, 

 more), and the results obtained by using these pipettes will, 

 therefore, be about 13.6 per cent, too high. In considering the 

 subject of Overrun (214) it is noted that the excess of butter 

 yield over the amount of fat contained in a certain quantity of 

 milk will range from about 10 to 16 per cent., or on the average, 

 about 12 per cent. 20 cc. pipettes may. therefore, give approxi 

 mately the yield of butter obtained from a quantity of milk, 

 but as will be seen, this yield is variable, according to the skill 

 of the butter maker and to conditions beyond his control; it can- 

 not therefore be used as a standard in the same manner as the 

 fat content of milk. Similar 22 cc. pipettes were also sent out 

 These pipettes created a great deal of confusion during the short 

 time they were on the market, and were popularly termed "fool" 

 pipettes. It is not known that such pipettes have been sold of 

 late years. 



A Wisconsin law makes it a misdemeanor to use in that state 

 other than 17.6 cc. pipettes for measuring milk where this is paid 

 for by the Babcock test. 1 



measure in our ordinary system of measures. One quart is equal to a 

 little less than 1,000 cubic centimeters (1 liter). In the same way, 

 grams represent weight, like pounds and ounces. One cc. of water at 

 4 Centigrade weighs 1 gram ; 1,000 grams (=1 kilogram) are equal to 

 2.2 Ibs. Avoirdup. (Sec Appendix for Comparisons of metric an<1 

 customary weights and measures.) 

 1 Laws of 1903, chapter 43. 



