VERTEBRAL COLUMN 



357 



the vertebral column with which the pelvis is connected ; 

 (^H-h 6 small number of the caudal vertebrae, and the fusion 

 of the posterior ones to form the pvgostyle ; (5) the absence 

 of epiphyses. 



The column may be divided into cervical, thoracic, sacral, 

 and caudal regions; the boundaries between these being 

 ill-defined, and the sacral portion being further divisible into 

 three sub -sections. 



1 . The cervical vertebrae. The distinction between cervical 

 and thoracic vertebrae is an arbitrary one, of no mor- 

 phological value, and is not easy to determine in the 

 fowl. /It is usual to count as the first thoracic 

 vertebra, the most anterior one which, bears a rib 

 articulating with the sternum, and to name all the 

 vertebrae in front of this one cervical, Beckoned in 

 this way there are sixteen cervical vertebrae, the two 

 hindmost of which bear well-developed and movably 

 articulated ribs, which, however, do not reach the 

 sternum. 



In the following description the vertebral column 

 is supposed to be placed horizontally. 



a. A typical cervical vertebra : any one from the sixth 

 to the tenth. 



The parts of the vertebra are the same as in the 

 rabbit, except that there are no terminal epiphyses : 

 the chief peculiarities are the following. 



vertebra is very long and light, as compared 

 with the cervical vertebra of a rabbit. 



FIG. 46. Gallus bankiva, var. domesticus. Th^ left, jmlf nf the skeleton. 

 The skull, vertebral column, and sternum are bisected in the median 

 plane, (c. H. H.) 



cerebral fossa. CB, cerebellar fossa. 

 2rvical rib. C 1, first cervical vertebra. 

 iTLJuHnerur-HT 

 mm. IS.i* 



A, acetabulum. B, 

 clavicle. CO coracoid. 

 femur, H 

 cioramen. 



carpal bone of tnTr?Ttrrgit. jyL IN , iflft'liljbjf -"* TVES, 

 metatarsus. ]V[T 1, met'atarsal bone of firstdigit. 

 foramen. P^p'remaxilla. PJB, pubes. PL, palatme_ 

 JRu radiuST^RC, radial carpal bone". 5; KeeT~oT~slernum. 

 T7 tibio-tarsus. TH 4, fourth thoracfiTver tebra. IL ulna, 

 bone. UP, uncinate pi'oces^ of rib. Z, infra-orbfTal bar. 

 1, 2, 3, 4, the first, Second, third, and fourth digits. 



scapula, 

 ulnar carpal 



