540 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 



BAUME, ANTOINE (1728-1804) 



1760. Vitriolated tartar (potassium sulphate) decomposed by 



nitric acid, 498 

 BECHER, JOHN JOACHIM (1635-1682) 



Theory of phlogiston, 31 



1669. Preparation of ethylene, 387 



BERGMAN, TORBERN OLAF (1735-1784). Professor of 

 Chemistry and Pharmacy at the University of Upsala. 



1779-1792. Physical and Chemical Essays (Opuscula Physica 

 et Chemica, Six Volumes * ; the earlier essays, 

 tr. E. Cullen, Two Volumes, 1784). Amongst these 

 Essays are the following : 



(a) 1774. "On the Aerial Acid." Fixed air an acid, 101 ; 



present in aerated waters, 102 ; reddens litmus, 102 ; 

 dissolves iron and zinc, 103 ; dissolves chalk and 

 converts it into crystals of calcareous spar, 105 ; 

 analysis of bicarbonate, 109 



(b) 1778. "Of the Analysis of Waters." Hardness produced by 



acids or by salts with an earthy, metallic base, 107 



(c) " Of the Fulminating Calx of Gold." Composition of 



fulminating gold, 259 



1775. A Dissertation on Elective Attractions, tr. T. Beddoes, 

 1785. Tables of affinity in the moist way and in the 

 dry way, 500 



All quotations are taken from the contemporary English 



translations 

 BERTHELOT, M., AND OGIER, J. 



1883. Molecular-heat of nitrogen peroxide, 526 



BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE Louis, b. 1748, Annecy, in Savoy ; 

 d. 1822, Arcueil, nr. Paris. After the revolution, Berthollet took 

 the place of Lavoisier as the recognised leader of French science. 

 He assisted Napoleon in organising the expedition to Egypt, 

 and read his paper on " Chemical Affinity " at Cairo. The 

 Socie'te d' Arcueil, which met at his house at Arcueil, near Paris, 

 included Berthollet (father and son), La Place, Biot, Gay-Lussac, 

 Humboldt, Thenard, De Candolle, and Decostils. Three volumes 

 of Memoirs, published in 1807, 1809, and 1817, contain some 

 of the most important papers of this period of chemistry 



1 Vol. IV. (1787). " Meditationes cle Systemate Fossilum Naturale," 

 translated from a Swedish paper dated 1784, appears to contain the 

 earliest use of the word "ammonia" (loc. '/., p. 293) ; Kopp, how- 

 ever, gives the date 1782 for the first use of this word. 



