A HISTORY OF DURHAM 



Hartlepool lighthouse. A solitary example of Eurymene dolobrarla was taken at little Polam, 

 Darlington, many years ago, by the late William Backhouse. Pericallla syringaria also has 

 only once been met with, a single specimen being taken by Mr. Hedworth in the north-west 

 of the county. It ought to occur in the denes on the coast, where privet grows freely. 

 The Common Thorn (Selenia illunaria] is common in most parts of the county. The Lunar 

 Thorn (S. lunarla) is decidedly rare. It has been recorded from several places, but appears only 

 to occur singly, and less than a dozen local specimens are known. Odontopera bidentata and 

 Crocallh elinguaria are both common, but least so near the coast. Four of the genus Ennomos 

 have been taken within the county, but none appear to have any station where they may always be 

 found. E. tiliaria, the Canary-Shouldered Thorn, has occurred over most of the county, but 

 always singly or very sparingly. E. fuscantaria was taken at Darlington in 1855. Two speci- 

 mens of E. erosaria are recorded : one in August 1873, at Hartlepool, by the late P. W. Robson, 

 and one at Thornley, in the north-west corner of the county, by the late W. Maling, two years later. 

 E. angularia has been taken only in the Derwent Valley, and very rarely there. The Feathered 

 Thorn (Himera pennaria) is widely distributed, but has only been taken singly. The Pale Brindled 

 Beauty (Phigalia pilosaria) is well distributed and not uncommon, occurring from February to 

 April, according to the weather and locality. Nyaia hispidaria was reared recently from larvae 

 found by Mr. Sticks at Lintz Green. The Peppered Moth (Amphidasis betularia) is well 

 distributed, and the black variety, Doubledayaria, also occurs freely in most places. Intermediate 

 forms are quite rare. The Barred Umber (Hemerophila abruptaria) has occurred at Darlington 

 and Hartlepool. Chora lichenaria is marked in Stainton's Manuals being taken at Darlington. 

 I do not know the authority. Boarmia repandata is common everywhere, and the banded 

 variety conversaria is not very uncommon. B. rhomboidaria is equally plentiful, except on the 

 coast, where it is not often seen. Tephrosia crepuscularia is common in the denes, Castle 

 Eden and Hesleden particularly. I have seen no other record, but it is sure to occur. The 

 Little Emerald (lodts lactearia) is met with in the north-west and in the south-east of the 

 county, but is not common in either. The Common Emerald (Hemithea tbymiaria) has 

 occurred once at Darlington. Ephyra trilinearia has only once been taken in the north of 

 the county. E.punctaria is distributed over almost all the county, but is of very rare occurrence. 

 Asthena luteata occurs in the far west Upper Teesdale and along to Thornley Wood (near 

 Newcastle) in the north. It has never been seen near the coast. A. candtdata occurs commonly 

 in the denes, and in the Derwent area. It is not recorded elsewhere, but almost certainly 

 will be found. A. sylvata is recorded from Darlington in Stainton's Manual. A. bkmeri was 

 first taken in Castle Eden Dene, in July 1831. It may still be found there and in Hesleden 

 Dene. Euphteria heparata occurs sparingly in damp places. It has been met with at 

 Darlington, Hartlepool, and in the north-west of the county. Venwia cambrica is scarce and 

 very local, and only seems to have been taken in the south of the county. The rare Addalia 

 rubricata was taken at Winch Bridge, Upper Teesdale, in 1875, by Dr. Lees. The specimens 

 are in my possession. A. scutulata is widely distributed, but never very common. A. bhetata 

 is more numerous. A, trigeminata was taken once, two specimens. A. osseata is common on 

 the coast. It does not appear to have been taken elsewhere. A. virgularia is well distributed 

 and common. A. subsericeata is very abundant around Hartlepool, but does not occur else- 

 where within a distance of at least 100 miles. I took a single specimen of A. immutata at 

 Black Hall Rocks in 1895, and one only of A. remutata was taken nearer Hartlepool. 

 A.fumata, the Smoky Wave, is found in Upper Teesdale, as also is A. imitaria, the Small 

 Blood Vein. This has also been found at Darlington, and I took one in Hart Lane, 

 Hartlepool, and one in Upper Teesdale. A, aversata is the commonest of the genus in 

 Durham, occurring everywhere, and generally fairly plentiful. A. inornata occurs at Black 

 Hall Rocks and at Wolsingham, always sparingly. The Blood Vein (Bradypetes amataria) is 

 given in the Manual as occurring at Darlington. I have no personal knowledge of it. The 

 Cabera occur everywhere : pusaria among birch, exanthemaria among willow. The variety of 

 pusaria rotundaria is bred occasionally ; I have not known it taken on the wing. Macaria 

 liturata is well distributed, but not common. Halia wavaria is generally a garden insect, 

 but not always. It is tolerably common. Strenia clathrata is common on the coast, and 

 occurs occasionally elsewhere. A variety without cross-bars has been taken. Lozogramma 

 petraria is a moor insect, but is recorded here only from the coast at Ryhope Dene. Numeria 

 pulveraria is recorded from the woods on the Derwent, from Hoffall Wood, from Darlington, 

 and from Hesleden Dene. It is quite a scarce species. Mceua bclglaria is common on the 

 moors both of Teesdale and Weardale. It does not occur anywhere else. Only the two 

 common Fidonia occur ; atomaria on all the moors, piniaria in woods where there is plenty of 



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