A HISTORY OF DURHAM 



reports, under the name of Macromysis foxuosa (Mailer), the schizopod which should rather be 

 called Praunus Jiexuosus, from ' Holy Island (where it is very abundant in the harbour and 

 on Fenham flats),' and from the same island Siriel/a ja/tensis, Czerniavski, and S. armata 

 (Milne-Edwards). 1 



The crustaceans considered down to this point have all agreed in one particular. They 

 have had eyes placed on movable pedicels. There remain to be discussed three groups of 

 Malacostraca which are not stalk-eyed, but which all agree in having eyes not capable 

 of independent movement. These sessile-eyed groups are the Sympoda, Isopoda, and 

 Amphipoda. 



The Sympoda can scarcely be said to be more commonly called Cumacea, because they 

 are not commonly called by any name whatever, society at large having been supremely 

 indifferent to the existence of these little, unobtrusive, but intrinsically interesting animals. 

 The list of them connected with Durham would have been reduced to a vanishing point but 

 for a very recent report by Dr. G. S. Brady, 'On Dredging and other Marine Research off 

 the North-East Coast of England in 1901.'* Therein he records Cuma xorpioides (Montagu) 

 from ' 30 miles off Sunderland, 45 fathoms ' ; Hcmilamprops rtsea (Norman) and 'Leucon nasicus, 

 KrOyer,' from the same situation ; Eudarella truncatu/a, Bate, from ' 56 miles off Souter 

 Point, 30 fathoms ' ; Eudorellopsis deformit (KrOyer), as taken ' in the surface net near 

 Sunderland'; Diastylis rathkei, KrCyer, from '2^ miles off Souter Point, 21 fathoms'; 

 Diastylopiis resima (KrOyer), from the dredging station 56 miles off the same Point ; * 

 Diattyloides biplicata, Sars, 'in 45 fathoms 25 miles off Sunderland, muddy sand'; Leptostylis 

 ampullacea (Lilljeborg), ' in a depth of 40 fathoms 30 miles off Sunderland ' ; Pseudocuma 

 cercaria (van Beneden) ' in a depth of 4 fathoms off Seaton Carew abundantly,' ' plentifully 

 in the surface net at Sunderland ' ; and at the two stations above mentioned off Souter Point ; 

 Pieudocuma similis, Sars, ' in a depth of 28 fathoms off Marsden ' ; Campylaspis rubicunda 

 (Lilljeborg), 'off Hawthorn, 25 fathoms'; C. glabra, Sars, 'off Marsden, 28 fathoms'; and 

 Cumella pygnuea, Sars, ' in the surface net at Sunderland.' 4 



As the name Cuma proves to have been preoccupied, 1 Bodatria, Goodsir, takes its place, 

 and, while the general title Cumacea gives place to Sympoda, the family Cumidae becomes 

 Bodotriidae, this being one of nine families among which this increasing group is now 

 distributed. It would take long to explain all the peculiarities of form by which the species 

 above named are distinguished. Some features may be mentioned which are common to all 

 or almost all. The carapace leaves uncovered the last five segments of the trunk, the five 

 leg-bearing segments, to which in crabs, lobsters, and decapods in general, it forms a 

 consolidated dorsal shield. Instead of having many pairs of gills, attached to the legs and 

 some of the mouth-organs, as in most of the previously-mentioned Malacostraca, the Sympoda 

 are content to have branchial sacs only (and not invariably) attached to the singular respiratory 

 apparatus of the first maxillipeds. Commonly the anterolateral lobes of the carapace are drawn 

 towards one another in advance of the true front. At least one pair of the legs are furnished 

 with exopods. The tail is usually quite slender compared with the head and trunk, giving 

 the scorpion-like appearance alluded to in the name of Bodotria scorpioidei (Montagu). The 

 fifth segment of the tail is almost always the longest. The seventh segment or telson varies 

 from conspicuous length and distinctness to evanescence. 



Of the fourteen species above recorded four are included in the extensive family of the 

 Diastylidae, one in the Lampropidz, two in the Pseudocumidae. These families are three 

 out of the four which have the telson distinct, this segment being very small in the 

 Pseudocumidx, but in the other two generally large and conspicuous. Diastylis ratbkei 

 (KrOyer) is spoken of by Professor Sars in his fine work on the Crustacea of Norway as 

 ' one of our largest and finest species.' 4 The student will therefore be prepared for the task 

 of examining these miniature lobsters by being told that one of the leading forms in Norway 

 is just under two-thirds of an inch long, although specimens from the Siberian polar sea may 

 attain the more encouraging length of just over an inch. In Diastylopiis resima (KrOyer) 

 the third and fourth uncovered segments of the trunk are in the female dorsally coalesced. 

 The tip-tilted nose implied in the specific name alludes to the upturning of the pre-frontal 



l Nortbumb. Sea Fuberiet Committee, Rep. fir 1900, pp. 70, 71. 



Nat. Hiit. Trout. Nortbumb., Dur. and NewcasiIe-upn-Tjne, xiv. (i), 87 (1902). 

 8 Loc. cit., p. 94. * Loc. cit., p. 95. 



Stebbing, in Willey'i Zoological Reiultt, pt. v., p. 610 (1900). 



Op. cit., iii. 45 (1899). 



155 



