BOLDON BOOK 



marking the growth of industry, and the erection of boroughs indicating the 

 development of exchange. There is, however, another phase of the subject 

 which may properly be treated here, and that is the increase of population 

 marked by an intake of new land for cultivation and the appearance of new 

 settlements. Boldon Book mentions seven new vills. The Newtons by 

 Durham, Boldon, and Thickley appear to be earlier than Bishop Pudsey's 

 time, but Cornsay and Hedley, which he gave to Simon the chamberlain ' de 

 wasto nostro,' l Oxenhall, ' namely one carucate and two " culturas " of the 

 land of Darlington,' and Old Thickley, ' which was made of the land of 

 Redvvorth,' are examples of new settlements during Pudsey's pontificate. 

 Then there is evidence of a slower growth. Ralf de Binchester holds 

 Hunwick and the assart of Byers. In Hatfield's Survey we find that Byers 

 has grown into a vill which is held as a sub-manor.* The prior and convent 

 were active in this business of taking new land under cultivation. Some 

 time before 1 183 they exchanged Hardwick for the bishop's vill of Muggles- 

 wick, with the stipulation that they be permitted to clear 160 acres there on 

 the outskirts of the existing settlement. 3 And they seem to have guarded 

 this right on their own land rather jealously.* Assarts occur in Boldon Book 

 in connexion with Gateshead, South Sherburn, Lanchester, Hunstanworth, 

 Whickham, and Bedlington. 



APPENDIX I 



The following tables are intended to serve partly as an ' index nominum ' to Boldon Book, 

 but chiefly to help the reader in checking and testing the classification of tenants adopted in the text. 

 The first table enumerates those tenants who are not included in the peasant communities of villeins, 

 cottiers, and farmers, persons who for one reason or another stand outside the 'engere Gutsverband ' 

 and are treated individually. A second table has been added showing what may be called the 

 ministerial and industrial holdings which, it is thought, may be useful for purposes of reference and 

 comparison : 



Place. 



Boldon . . . . 

 Newton-by-Boldon . 

 Cleadon and Whit- 

 burn. 



Name of Tenant. Size of Holding. 



Robert 363 



Wife of Henry de Montana 403 \od. 



Dues and Services. 



Kctell 343 \dd. ; errands. 



John de Whitburn . . 40 a. I toft . . . 8/. ; 



Roger ...... . . . 8/. 



Osbcrt son of Bosing . . 80 a I m. 



Burdon and Ryhope Elfer de Burdon ... 30 a 8/. ; errands. 



Amfred \ m. ; 



John son of Henry . . 1 2 a. I toft I zd. 



Simon car io/. ; errands. 



Geoffrey Cokesmath . . 



Robert Chet .... 303 J/. ; 4 boon-works, ploughs and 



Newbottle . . . 

 Easington and 



Thorpe. 

 Shotcon . . . . 



North Sherburn . 



Cassop .... 

 South Sherburn . 



harrows I a. ; errands. 

 3/. ; errand*. 



1 BoUm Bk. (Surtees Soc.), App. No. vii. 

 BoUon Bk. (Surtees Soc.), App. No. a. 



5'- 



14-/. 

 m. 



Half elf t Survey (Surtees Soc.), 43. 

 * Fed., 116 n, 141 n. 



317 



