ANIMALS. 81 



Tartar slaves who have been stolen, and sell them 

 to the Turks and the Persians. Their chief riches 

 consist in horses, of which perhaps there are more 

 in Tartary than in any other part of the world. 

 The natives are taught by custom to live in the 

 same place with their horses ; they are continu- 

 ally employed in managing them, and at last 

 bring them to such great obedience, that the 

 horse seems actually to understand the rider's 

 intention.. 



To this race of men, also, we must refer the 

 Chinese and the Japanese, however different they 

 seem in their manners and ceremonies. It is 

 the form of the body that we are now princi- 

 pally considering; and there is, between these 

 countries, a surprising resemblance. It is in ge- 

 neral allowed, that the Chinese have broad faces, 

 small eyes, flat noses, and scarcely any beard; 

 that they are broad and square shouldered, and 

 rather less in stature than Europeans. These 

 are marks common to them and the Tartars, and 

 they may, therefore, be considered as being de- 

 rived from the same original. " I have observ- 

 ed," says Chardin, " that in all the people from 

 the east and the north of the Caspian Sea, to the 

 peninsula of Malacca, that the lines of the face, 

 and the formation of the visage, is the same. 

 This has induced me to believe, that all these 

 nations are derived from the same original, how- 

 ever different either their complexions or their 

 manners may appear : for as to the complexion, 

 that proceeds entirely from the climate and the 

 food ; and as to the manners, these are generally 

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