ANIMALS. 139 



all the insect tribes. The former he divides into 

 such as breathe through the lungs, and such as 

 breathe through gills : these last comprehend the 

 fishes. In those which breathe through the lungs, 

 some have the heart composed of two ventricles, 

 and some have it of one. Of the last are all ani- 

 mals of the cetaceous kind, all oviparous quadru- 

 peds, and serpents. Of those that have two ven- 

 tricles, some are oviparous, which are the birds ; 

 and some viviparous, which are quadrupeds. The 

 quadrupeds he divides into such as have a hoof, 

 and such as are claw-footed. Those with the hoof 

 he divides into such as have it undivided, such as 

 have it cloven, and such as have the hoof divided 

 into more parts, as the rhinoceros and hippopota- 

 mus. Animals with the cloven hoof he divides 

 into such as chew the cud, as the cow and the 

 sheep ; and such as are not ruminant, as the hog. 

 He divides those animals that chew the cud into 

 four kinds : the first have hollow horns, which 

 they never shed, as the cow ; the second is of a 

 less species, and is of the sheep kind ; the third 

 is of the goat kind ; and the last, which have so- 

 lid horns, and shed them annually, are of the deer 

 kind. Coming to the claw-footed animals, he 

 finds some with large claws, resembling the fingers 

 of the human hand ; and these he makes the ape 

 kind. Of the others, some have the foot divided 

 in two, and have a claw to each division ; these 

 are the camel kind. The elephant makes a kind 

 by itself, as its claws are covered over by a skin. 

 The rest of the numerous tribe of claw-footed ani- 

 mals he divides into two kinds ; the analogous, or 



