ANIMALS. HI 



follows : he makes the power of changing place 



the characteristic mark of animals in general ; and 



he takes their distinctions from their aptitude and 



fitness for such a change. Some change place by 



means of feet, or some similar contrivance, others 



have wings and feet ; some can change place only 



in water, and have only fins ; some go upon earth 



without any feet at all ; some change place by 



moving their shell ; and some move only at a 



certain time of the year. Of such, however, as 



do not move at all, he takes no notice. The 



quadrupeds that move chiefly by means of four 



feet upon land, he divides into two orders ; the 



first are the hoofed kind, and the second the claw 



kind. Each of these orders is divided into four 



families. The first family of the hoofed kind are 



the single hoofed, such as the horse, ass, &c. The 



second family are such as have the hoof cloven 



into two parts, such as the cow, &c. The third 



family have the hoof divided into three parts, and 



in this family is found only the rhinoceros. The 



fourth family have the hoof divided into five parts, 



and in this is only to be found the elephant. 



With respect to the clawed kind, the first family 



comprehends those that have but two claws on 



each foot, as the camel ; the second family have 



three claws ; the third, four ; and the fourth, five. 



This method of taking the distinctions of animals 



from the organs of motion, is ingenious, but it is 



at the same time incomplete ; and, besides the 



divisions into which it must necessarily fall, is 



inadequate ; since, for instance, in his family with 



two claws, there is but one animal ; whereas, in 



