THE BRITISH MAMMALS : ORDERS, FAMILIES, ETC. 13 



The two families of ungulates are even easier to distinguish. 

 The cattle (Bovidas) have hollow horns rising from the apex of the 

 skull ; the deer (Cervidae) have antlers rising from the forehead. 

 The cattle are represented by one genus (Bos), containing only the 

 rather doubtfully wild park cattle of Chillingham and elsewhere. 

 The deer represent but two genera, Cervus, including the red deer 

 and fallow deer, and Capreolus, comprising only the roe deer, all of 

 which are distinguishable by the form of the antlers. 



Thus we have 



UNGULATA 



1. (Bovidae) 



Hollow horns rising from apex of skull Bos, 49. 



2. (Cervidas) 



Antlers rising from forehead 



Antlers less than twice as long as head and with only 



three points; brow tine absent Capreolus, ,50. 

 Antlers more than twice as long as head, and with more 



than three points ; brow tine present Cervus, 50, 



The cetaceans comprise a score of species, and are not so easily 

 dealt with. To begin with we can take out the whalebone whales 

 (Balaenidae), none of which have teeth. Of these there are three 

 genera, one, Balcena, having no dorsal fin, no grooves in the throat, 

 and five digits in the flippers. In the other two the dorsal fin is 

 present, the throat is grooved, and the flippers have five digits ; the 

 flippers in one, Megaptera, the hump- back, being long, white, and 

 scalloped, while in the other, Balanoptera, comprising our four 

 rorquals, one of which is the biggest whale known, the flippers are 

 short and black or black and white. 



The remaining cetaceans have teeth and no whalebone, but with 

 some the teeth in the upper jaw are rudimentary or missing. Of 

 these the sperm whale (Physcter) has no dorsal fin worth mention- 

 ing, its site being marked by a slight elevation. In the others the 

 dorsal is well developed. The bottle-nose whale (Hyperoodon) has it 

 falcate in shape and placed rather far back; Sowerby's whale 

 (Mesoplvdon) has it at the hinder third of the body, so has Cuvier's 

 whale (Zibhius)) distinguished from it by having its single pair of 

 teeth at the extremity of the lower jaw instead of near the middle. 

 With this group we will include Risso's grampus, which is classed 

 with the next family for very sufficient reasons, but happens to be an 

 exception to the rest of his relatives in being toothless in the upper 

 jaw. With his white muzzle and the dorsal halfway between the 

 flippers and the tail, and with from three to seven pairs of teeth at the 

 end of the lower jaw he will come in excellently here. 



This leaves us with those having teeth in both jaws, of which 

 some have beaks and some have not. The genera in which the beak 

 is absent, or barely traceable, are five in number, and of each there 

 is but one species. The narwhal (Monoceros) is mottled grey above 

 and below, with the left front tooth forming a long spiral tusk, and 



