84 THE BRITISH MAMMALS PAST AND PRESENT. 



number of specimens ; Balcenodon physaloides, of which there is only 

 one ; two species of Physodon (P. fusiformis and P. grandis), both 

 small : three of Hoplocetus (H. borgerhoutensis, H. crassidens and H. 

 curvidens), with enamel caps to the teeth, as in Physodon; one 

 species of Hyperoodon, no other than the common bottlenose of the 

 North Atlantic (H. rostratus) ; three species of Choneziphius (C. 

 packardi, C.planus, and C.planirostris), the genus with the fistular hole 

 through the short, thick beak, but which in other details of the skull 

 comes intermediate between Hyperoodon and Mesoplodon, of which 

 no less than seven species have been recorded (M . flower i, M. longi- 

 rostris, M.Umtirostris, M. gibbus, M. angustus, M. angulatus, and M. 

 compressus), all of them of much the same character as the living 

 Sowerby's whale (M. bidens). In addition to these are Squalodon 

 antwerpiensis, one of the extinct shark-toothed dolphins; Orca citoni- 

 ensis, a killer, represented to-day by the larger O. gladiator; and 

 Globicephalus iincidens, an extinct species of the same genus as the 

 living pilot whale (G. melas). 



In the Norwich Crag we find the common otter (Lutra vulgaris), 

 an extinct beaver (Trogontherium cttvieri), a vole (Microtus inter - 

 medius), a gazelle (Gazelle anglica), three deer (Cervus falconeri, C. 

 vcyticornis, arid C. carnutorum), the first allied tc the fallow deer, the 

 second with short, heavy antlers placed obliquely on the f rentals, 

 the brow-tine curving downwards and cylindrical, and having two 

 oval tines above it. Besides these there are Steno's horse (Equus 

 stenonis) and two elephants (Elephas antiquus and Mastodon arver- 

 nensis.) 



Our uppermost deposit of Pliocene age is the Forest-Bed of 

 Norfolk and Suffolk, in which the fauna still more resembles in 

 character that of the present day. Associated with the remains of 

 plants, most of which are now living in the neighbourhood, are 

 many existing molluscs, fishes, reptiles, and mammals, the mammals 

 being of exceptional interest. Here we meet with the mole, Talpa 

 turopcza, and the Russian desman, Myogale moschata, both as we 

 now have them, and the two British land shrews, Sorex vulgaris and 

 S. minutus. The carnivores are represented by Machcerodus cultri- 

 dens, one of the sabre-toothed tigers with long narrow canines, the 

 cave bear, Ursus spelaus, as large as the Polar species, Huxley's 

 walrus (Rosmarus, huxleyi) and the existing pine marten, otter, and 

 bearded seal, besides the wolverene or glutton, Gulo Ittscus, now con- 

 fined to the northerly regions of the northern hemisphere. 



The rodents include the common squirrel and beaver, and the 

 large beaver-like Trogontherium cuvieri, also found in the Norwich 

 Crag, and the wood mouse, Mus sylvaticus, the continental field 

 vole, Microtus arvalis, the Siberian vole, M . gregalis, and the bank 

 vole, M. glareolus. The musk-ox of Arctic America (Ovibos moschata) 

 and Ctprovis savini, an intermediate form between the sheep and 

 the goat, represent the Bovidse, and there are some ten species of 

 deer, these being A Ices latifrons, the broad-fronted moose in which 

 the antlers were less palmated than in the existing species, the 

 present roe deer and red deer, Cervus polignacus allied to the fallow 

 deer, C. tdraceros whose antlers are not unlike those of the Vir- 

 ginian deer, C. suttonensis with the deep groove in the antler beam, 

 and the five species named after Dawkins, Fitch, Gunn, Savin, ancl 



