ORDERS, SUB-ORDERS, AND FAMILIES. 6l 



CYPRINID^E. Body oblong or long; abdomen usually rounded. Single 

 dorsal, no adipose fin. Scales present or absent, no bony plates ; 

 head without scales. Mouth toothless, but from one to three rows of 

 teeth on lower pharyngeal bones. Margin of upper jaw formed by 

 premaxillaries. Pseudobranchiae generally present. Branchiostegals, 

 three. Abramts, 180, 181 ; Albtirnus, 182; Barbus, 172; Carassius, 170, 

 171; Cobitis, 183; Cyprinus, 169; Gobio, 173; Leuciscns, 174 to 178; 

 Newachiliis, 184; Tinea, 179. 



. Body oblong. Single dorsal near tail, no adipose fin. Scales 

 on body but not on head. Margin of upper jaw formed by maxil- 

 laries laterally, and premaxillaries mesially. Barbules absent. Gill 

 opening very wide. Pseudobranchiae glandular and concealed. Esox, 

 185- 



MUR^ENID^E. Body long, cylindrical, or riband-shaped. Dorsal long 

 and confluent with anal, or separated by tip of tail ; pectorals present 

 or absent; ventrals absent. Scales rudimentary or absent. Sides of 

 upper jaw formed by premaxillaries more or less coalescent with 

 vomer and ethmoid. Anguilla, 166 ; Conger, 167 ; Murana, 168. 



SALMONID/E. Body compressed, moderate or elongate ; abdomen rounded. 

 Two dorsals, the anterior rayed, the posterior adipose. Scales on 

 body but not on head. Margin of upper jaw formed laterally of 

 maxillaries and mesially of premaxillaries. Barbules absent. Pseudo- 

 branchiae present. Argentina, 219; Coregomis, 214 to 217; Osmenis, 

 213; Salmo, 195 to 212; Thymalhis, 218. 



SCOPELID^;. Body elongate. Two dorsals, the posterior adipose. Scales 

 present or absent. Margin of upper jaw formed by premaxillaries. 

 Barbules absent. Gill opening very wide. Pseudobranchiae well 

 developed. Branchiostegals generally numerous. Paralepis, 186. 



STERNOPTYCHID^;. Body compressed, elevated, or elongate, with phos- 

 phorescent bodies along the lower parts. Adipose fin generally 

 rudimentary. Scales thin and deciduous or absent. Margin of 

 upper jaw formed of toothed maxillary and premaxillary. Barbules 

 absent. Gill opening very wide. Pseudobranchiae absent or present. 

 Argyropelecus, 187; Maurolicus, 188. 



PleCtOgnathi. (TELEOSTOMI.) PLATE xv. Nos. 120 to 124. 



BALISTID^E. Body compressed or angular. Dorsal modified or absent ; 

 ventrals modified or absent. Skin with scutes or rough, or the scales 

 forming a carapace. Mouth narrow, snout produced, teeth small and 

 few. Gill opening narrow. Balistes, 120, 121. 



DIODONTIDJE. Body short. Dorsal, caudal, and anal without spines ; 

 ventrals absent ; pectorals present. Scales modified with spines or 

 laminae. Bones of jaw modified into a cutting beak, with a covering 

 resembling ivory. Teeth consisting of plates in thin parallel layers. 

 Orthagoriscns, 123, 124 ; Tetrodon, 122. 



