GENERA AND SPECIES. 83 



Brosmius. Plate xviii. GADIDJE 



142. brosme, TORSK. Body round, only one dorsal. 



The Torsk is a member of the cod family with but one dorsal, 

 and that extends from above the middle of the pectorals nearly to 

 the caudal. It has from 85 to TOO rays ; the anal, which is rather 

 more than half as long, having from 62 to 76, the caudal having 35, 

 the pectorals from 21 to 23, and the ventrals 5. The ventrals are 

 thick and pointed, and the skin generally is tough and thick. The 

 colour is a yellowish grey, which becomes lighter on the edges of 

 the fins. The Torsk is a deep-water fish, frequenting rocky ground 

 in northern latitudes, and has never been taken south of Yorkshire. 

 It is generally about 18 inches long, but grows to double that length, 

 or rather more. 



Callionynms. Plate ix. CALLIONYMID&. 



72. lyra, DUSKY SKULPIN. Dorsal striped. 



73. maculatus, SORDID DRAGONET. Dorsal spotted. 



The Skulpin has two dorsals, the first with 4 spines, the second 

 with Q rays. In the anal there are 9 rays, in the caudal 9, in the 

 pectorals 20, and in the ventrals a spine and 5 rays. In the male 

 the first spine is very long, in the female it is no longer than the 

 rays, but in both the last ray is the longest. The body is long and 

 narrow, the head flat, the snout long, and the upper jaw protractile. 

 On the praeopercle there is a three-pointed spine. It is a solitary 

 fish, from 7 to 12 inches long, hiding in the sand in bays and 

 estuaries. The male is orange in colour, marked with blue, with 

 the stripes purple on the first dorsal and pale blue on the second ; 

 the female is brown, with 3 bands across the back, the second dorsal 

 being bluish with a yellow stripe. 



The Dragonet has 4 spines in the first dorsal and 9 or 10 rays in 

 the second, in the anal are 8 or 9 rays, in the caudal 9 or 10, in the 

 pectorals 16, and in the ventrals the usual spine and 5. Both 

 dorsals are high, the first spine being very long, and they are grey 

 in colour, with 3 or 4 rows of round, pearl-edged black spots running 

 across them. This fish, which is 4 inches long, appears in the list 

 on the strength of a solitary specimen from the Shetlands. 



Cantharus. Plate ii. SPARIDJE. 



10. lineatus, BLACK SEA-BREAM. Lateral line black and parallel to 

 back throughout. 



The Black Bream has n spines and 12 rays in its dorsal fin. 

 3 spines and 10 rays in its anal fin, 17 rays in its caudal fin, 14 rays 

 in its pectorals, and the normal spine and 5 in the ventrals. In the 

 dorsal the rays are closer together than the spines, and start at a 

 slightly higher level ; the fourth or fifth spine is the longest. The 

 body is compressed and rather deep, the mouth extends to the front 

 edge of the eye ; the only teeth are on the jaws, and they are cardi- 

 form, the outer row being the largest. The general colour is grey, 

 with yellow streaks below the lateral line, and a dark dorsal with 



