96 GENERA AND SPECIES. 



reaches 30 inches in length. It thrives in ponds and sluggish 

 waters where the bottom is soft or muddy, spending the winter 

 in the mud, and rising to the surface in summer among the 

 weeds, when it can be heard grunting like a pig. It is very 

 quick of hearing and discriminating in attacking its food, but it 

 can be tamed so as to feed from the hand, and will come for its 

 dinner when the bell rings. 



Dentex, Plate i. PERCIDM. 



7. vulgaris, DENTEX. Four large teeth in front of each jaw. 



The dorsal fin has 10 or n weak spines and n or 12 rays; the 

 anal has 3 spines and 8 rays ; the caudal has 17 rays ; in the 

 pectorals are 15 rays, and in the ventrals a spine and 5 rays. The 

 fourth and fifth spines are the highest in the dorsal, which curves 

 downwards from them and rises again when the rays are reached. 

 The pectorals are long and pointed, and extend to the middle of the 

 dorsal. There are from 60 to 65 scales in the lateral line. The 

 mouth does not quite reach to the eye, which is golden, with a blue 

 pupil. The fish is brilliantly clothed in silver, and blue, and gold, 

 and light red, and averages 40 inches in length, though it has been 

 recorded up to 56 inches. It does not swim in shoals, and it is not 

 often caught. 



Echeneis. Plate vii. SCOMBRIDM. 



44. remora, REMORA. First dorsal modified into an adhesive disk. 



This sucking-fish is recognisable at a glance by its being darker 

 below than above, and by the first dorsal having developed into the 

 disk of which its 17 or 18 rays are the laminae. The second dorsal 

 has from 22 to 24 rays, the anal from 22 to 25, the caudal 19 ; in 

 the pectorals there are from 20 to 24, and in the ventrals a spine and 

 5 rays. By its disk it attaches itself to fishes and other objects, 

 and gets a lift on its lonely way. It is between 4 and 5 inches long, 

 and greyish brown in colour. 



Echinorhinus. Plate xxxi. SPINACID^E. 



236. spinosus, SPINOUS SHARK. Two small dorsals near tail ; no 

 anal. 



The ventrals begin at three-quarters of the distance from the 

 snout to the heel of the tail ; the first dorsal starts in a line with 

 their beginning, and the second in a line with their after end. 

 Ventrals and pectorals are of about the same size. The skin is 

 studded with spiny scales. In colour this shark is brownish grey, 

 with a white lateral line, and in length it ranges up to 9 feet. 



Engraulis. Plate xxiv. CLUPEIDM. 



189. encrasicholus , ANCHOVY. Upper jaw the larger and longer. 



The Anchovy has from 15 to 18 rays in its dorsal fin, 16 to 18 in 

 jts anal, 21 in its caudal, 16 or 17 in its pectorals, and 7 in its 



