GENERA AND SPECIES. Ill 



the abdomen is nearly straight ; the head is almost as long as the 

 body is deep. In colour the Dace is silvery, with a bluish back and 

 greenish fins, the ventrals and anal being tinged with red. In length 

 it attains 12 inches. It is a gregarious fish, living in clear running 

 water, feeding on plants, worms, and insects, and often swimming 

 near the surface and leaping out of the water. At breeding time it 

 gathers in large numbers in weedy shallows. It is a fast swimmer, 

 quick of sight and hearing, and will dart for some distance out of 

 danger when alarmed. 



The Rudd has n or 12 rays in the dorsal, from 13 to 15 in the 

 anal, from 19 to 21 in the caudal, 16 or 17 in the pectorals, and 

 9 or 10 in the ventrals. The first 2 or 3 rays in the dorsal and anal 

 are bony. The dorsal is placed on the highest point of the back ; 

 the pectorals, ventrals, anal, and caudal are at equal intervals. 

 There are from 40 to 44 scales in the lateral line, which curves 

 downwards, the lowest point being over the tip of the ventrals. The 

 body is elevated and flat ; the head is small, and has rather a 

 hollow curve over the eye ; the mouth extends to the hinder nostril. 

 The colour varies, but as a rule it is silvery, with the dorsal, caudal, 

 and pectorals tipped with black, and the anal and ventrals yellow. 

 The eye is always red, hence the fish is widely known as the Red- 

 eye. In length it does not exceed 9 inches. It is mainly confined 

 to gently-flowing rivers, particularly to their broads or expansions, 

 frequenting deep water and pools. It feeds on plants, worms, 

 molluscs, and insects, and will rise to flies when swimming near the 

 surface. 



Lichia. Plate iv. CARANGIDJE. 



27. glauca, DERBIO. First dorsal consisting simply of 5 or 6 spines, 

 the first of which points forwards. 



The Derbio has two dorsals, the front one being a row of 5 or 

 6 short isolated spines, the first of which points forwards parallel to 

 the lateral line. The second dorsal has a spine and from 24 to 27 

 rays. There are also two anals, the first of which consists of 2 

 isolated spines, the second anal having a spine and from 23 to 25 

 rays. In the caudal there are 17 rays, in the pectorals 17, and in 

 the ventrals a spine and 5 rays. The caudal is deeply forked. The 

 scales are small and cycloid. In colour this fish is sea-green with 

 yellowish sides, the fins being yellowish and stained with black. In 

 length it reaches 15 inches. It is very rare in British waters; 

 independently of its spines it can easily be recognised by its black- 

 tipped tail, the lobes of which are quite three times as long as their 

 extreme width. 



Liparis. Plate viii. CYCLOPTERID&. 



61. vulgaris, SEA SNAIL. Body streaked. 



62. montagui, MONTAGU'S SUCKER. Body spotted. 



The Sea Snail has from 34 to 36 rays in its dorsal, 27 or 28 in its 

 anal, 12 to 14 in its caudal, 28 in its pectorals, and a spine and 5 

 rays in its ventrals. The pectorals are deeply notched, and extend 



