GENERA AND SPECIES. 121 



always red on the back and in front. There is only one British 

 example, and that measures 20 inches, but the species is fairly 

 common in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. 



The Gilt-head has n spines and 13 rays in its dorsal, 3 spines 

 and ii or 12 rays in its anal, 17 rays in its caudal, 16 in its pectorals, 

 and a spine and 5 rays in its ventrals. The lateral line has from 75 

 to 86 scales ; the scales are marked with lines and have irregular 

 edges. The upper jaw is the larger; the teeth are not prominent. 

 There are faint stripes along the body, a dark spot at the base of 

 the pectoral, and a golden crescent between the eyes ; the head is 

 greenish on the top. This is a rare fish, some 15 inches in length, 

 found in rocky localities, where it feeds mainly on crustaceans. 



Pammelas. Plate iv. CARANGID^E. 

 26. peniformis, RUDDER FISH. First dorsal of 6 or 7 isolated spines. 



The first dorsal is represented by 6 or 7 free spines, the second 

 has a spine and 22 rays, the anal has 3 spines and from 26 

 to 29 rays, the caudal has 21 rays, the pectorals 23 rays, the ventrals 

 a spine and 5 rays. The two first spines of the anal are nearly 

 imbedded in the skin, In the lateral line there are 78 scales. The 

 lower jaw is the longer, and the mouth reaches to the eye. The 

 teeth are in a single row and wide apart. The colour is purplish on 

 the back and grey on the sides, the head mottled; the length is 

 15 inches. This fish, which is quite as well known as the Black 

 Pilot, is a North American species, of which only one example has 

 appeared in our seas. That was found six miles off Penzance im- 

 prisoned in a packing case of which only one of the boards of the 

 lid was missing, so that the fish had got in and could not get out, 

 the result being that it drifted across the Atlantic into the British 

 list. 



Paralepis. Plate xxiv. SCOPELIDJE. 



1 86 coregonoides, Colour, silver and lilac, darker on abdomen. 



This is a small straggler from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. 

 The head and body are long and compressed, the eyes large, the 

 cleft of the mouth very wide. The dorsal is short and placed well 

 back, though there is a small adipose fin ; the ventrals are below the 

 dorsal, and the anal extends to the tail. 



Pelamys. Plate vi. SCOMBRID&. 



42. sarda, BELTED BONITO. Two series of bands are broad 



and vertical, the other narrow and oblique. 



There are two dorsals, the first with 22 spines, the second with 2 

 spines and 13 or 14 rays, succeeded by 8 or 9 finlets ; the anal has 2 

 spines and 13 rays, behind which are 7 finlets ; the caudal has 

 26 rays, the pectorals 25 ; the ventrals have a spine and 5 rays. There 

 is a corslet extending beyond the pectorals. The lateral line is undu- 

 lated. The colour is dark blue above, with broad vertical bands 

 crossed by a series of narrow bands that slope from the back down- 



I 



