GENERA AND SPECIES. 143 



It is known by its spine, which has the teeth directed downwards 

 like a spear-head. It was one of these spines which ended the 

 career of Ulysses. 



Xiphias. Plate iii. XI PHI IDA?. 



21. gladius, SWORDFISH. Upper jaw long and shaped like a sword. 



The Swordfish has but one dorsal when young, but in time a 

 portion of it dies away, so that in old examples the fin is almost 

 divided into two. The anal becomes separated in a similar manner. 

 When complete there are 3 spines in the dorsal, and 43 rays, and 17 

 rays in the anal ; in the caudal there are 21, in the pectorals 15 ; 

 there are no ventrals. The pectoral is placed low, and is long and 

 pointed. The scales are quite rudimentary, and there are no teeth. 

 The colour is blue above, white below ; the length 15 feet or less, 

 generally 7 or 8. It is only a straggler in British waters. 



Zeugopterus. Plate xx. PLEURONECTIDJE. 



153. unimaculatus , ONE-SPOTTED TOPKNOT. Ventrals not joined to 



anal. 



154. punctatus, BROWNY. Ventrals joined to anal. 



The One-Spotted Topknot has from 70 to 80 rays in its dorsal, 

 61 to 68 in its anal, 16 in its caudal, 10 to 12 in its pectorals, and 6 

 in its ventrals. The marginal fins are highest in the hinder half. 

 The lateral line curves over the pectoral. The eyes are on the left- 

 side ; the mouth is large, and at the end of the snout ; the teeth and 

 jaws are equal on both sides. The first ray of the dorsal is long. 

 The underside is rough. The colour is reddish brown, with a 

 round spot on the upper side near the tail. The length does not 

 appear to exceed 5 inches. 



The Browny has from 87 to 101 rays in the dorsal, 69 to 80 in 

 the anal, 14 to 16 in the caudal, 10 in the pectorals, and 6 in the 

 ventrals. The dorsal and anal are highest in the hinder half, and 

 are continuous with the caudal. The ventrals join the anal. The 

 eyes are on the left, the mouth large and at the end of the snout, 

 the teeth and jaws alike on both sides. The underside is rather 

 smooth; on the upper side the scales are spiny. In colour it is 

 dark brown with spots, and there is a pale streak extending from 

 each eye. The length of this fish does not exceed 8 inches. 



Zeus. Plate iv. CYTTID&. 

 29. faber, DORY. Grey, with a large black spot edged with yellow. 



There are 10 spines in the first portion of the dorsal, and 22 or 23 

 rays in the second ; the anal is in two distinct portions, the first of 

 which has 4 spines, the second 21 to 23 rays ; in the caudal are 13 

 rays, in the pectorals 13, in the ventrals a spine and 6 rays. The 

 dorsal spines have filaments at their tips, and spines at their bases ; 

 and at the bases of the dorsal rays are spiny plates, the bases of the 

 anal spines and rays being protected in the same way. The spinous 



