UNIVALVES. 63 



species arranged in groups under the sub-generics. Occasionally 

 the generics are dropped, and the collector finds himself confronted 

 with names unknown to him that he can find no mention of in his 

 books, and which in some cases appear to have been suggested 

 mainly for the sake of the little advertisement in brackets that it is 

 hoped they will always carry with them. 



But synonymy is inevitable, and there is no good in girding at it. 

 It is a large matter, and, as a complete synonymy of our mollusca 

 would probably have filled all our pages, it is here impossible ; but 

 as a help in times of trouble we may find space for the following 

 short working list of some of the more recent synonyms of the 

 British pulmonates : 



Acanthinnla aculeata Helix aculeata, 263. 

 Acanthinula lamellata Helix lamellata, 274. 

 Agriolimax agrestis Limax agrestis, 235. 

 Agriolimax Isevis Limax laevis, 236. 

 Alinda biplicata Clausilia biplicata, 504. 

 Alcea alpestris Vertigo alpestris, 292. 

 Alcea antivertigo Vertigo ajitivertigo, 294. 

 Alosa moulinsiana Vertigo moulinsiana, 298. 

 Alcea pygmaea Vertigo pygmaea, 500. 

 Alcea substriata Vertigo substriata, 501. 

 Amalia sowerbyi Amalia marginata, 233. 

 Amphipeplea glutinosa Limnaea glutinosa, 209. 

 Aplexa hypnorum Physa hypnorum, 229. 

 Arianta arbustorum Helix arbustorum, 264. 

 Arion circumscriptus Arion bourguignati, 242. 

 Azeca tridens Cochlicopa tridens, 311. 

 Bathyomphalus contortus Planorbis contortus, 218. 

 Buliminus montanus Bulimus montanus, 261. 

 Buliminus obscurus Bulimus obscurus, 262. 

 Chilotrema lapicida Helix lapicida, 275. 

 Clausilia bidentata Clausilia rugosa, 307. 

 Cochlicella acuta Bulimus acutus, 259. 

 Ccecilioides acicula Achatina acicula, 312. 

 Conulus fulva Zonites fulvus, 253. 

 Coretus corneus Planorbis corneus, 219. 

 Fruticola cantiana Helix cantiana, 266. 

 Fruticola cartusiana Helix cartusiana, 268. 

 Fruticola fusca Helix fusca, 271. 

 Fruticola granulata Helix sericea, 286. 

 Fruticola hispida Helix hispida, 272. 

 Fruticola revelata Helix revelata, 282. 

 Fruticola rufescens Helix rufescens, 284. 

 Gonostoma obvoluta Helix obvoluta, 277. 

 Gyraulus albus Planorbis albus, 215. 

 Gyraulus dilatatus Planorbis dilatatus, 220. 

 Gyraulus nautileus Planorbis nautileus, 223. 

 Gyraulus parvus Planorbis glaber, 221. 

 Gyrorbis carinatus Planorbis carinatus, 216. 

 Gyrorbis complanatus Planorbis complanatus. 217, 

 Gyrorbis spirorbis Planorbis spirorbis, 225. 



