Appendix. 203 



Marquesas Islands, as well as elsewhere in the Pacific. 

 In the Marquesas, skulls have the eyes replaced by pieces 

 of pearl-shell, and the lower jaw fastened to the upper by 

 cords, 22 as in the islands of the Torres Straits. 



One of the most important additions to our knowledge 

 of the employment of shell-trumpets in ancient Peru is 

 contained in Chas. XV. Mead's article on " The Musical 

 Instruments of the Incas." 2 The discover)'' in Peru of 

 pre-Columbian trumpets made from the shells of Strombus 

 galeatus has already been mentioned (p. 48). The pottery 

 and other objects found in the ancient burial places of the 

 Incas, and now transferred to the American Museum of 

 Natural History in New York, has enabled Mr. Mead to 

 provide more positive evidence of the use of shell-trumpets 

 by the ancient Peruvians, for, certain of the artifacts, 

 especially the pottery vessels, are decorated with pictures 

 of human beings in the act of playing upon such instru- 

 ments. Among other objects of interest described and 

 figured by this author is a gold ornament found in a pre- 

 historic grave at lea, Peru, on which are depicted two 

 human beings blowing trumpets. One of these is a shell 

 probably intended to represent a Strombus : it is blown 

 through a hole at the apex of the spire. A remarkably 

 fine example of a shell-trumpet, "end-blown," made from 

 Strombus galeatus, is also shown on Plate III. (fig. i) of 

 Mead's paper ; it has a copper mouth-piece, and is orna- 

 mented with an engraved figure of a warrior. Another 

 figure on the same plate (fig. 2) depicts a trumpet made 

 of terra cotta : it is one of several in the collection in 

 which the shell form has been reproduced in clay. 

 Classed with the flutes by Mr. Mead are three other 

 trumpets. One is made from a shell (Fasciolaria princeps} : 

 it has two vents, one through the top of the spire, the other 

 on its side, the two others being imitations of shells in 

 terra cotta. The double perforation in the Fasciolaria- 

 trumpet is of very great interest as being the only example 

 of its kind that I have met with in my researches. 



The shell-trumpets of the Mediterranean region, of 

 India, Borneo, China, Japan, and Central America, are 

 all, so far as I have ascertained, "end-blown," i.e., they 



25 Dall, in Bureau of Ethnology (United States), iii., 1884, p. 95. 



!s American Museum Journal ( Supplement j, Vol. III., No. 4, July, 

 1903, Guide Leaflet No. n. 



