i i i A I. I: I. MAINS 21 



ploring tin* banks of tin- A-liU-y river about 1<) mile- above the 



ritV. di-covered llllllllll) IKHIC-. fragment- of pott. TV. etc., together 



with the hour- of tlu mastodon. Professor I/'idy. who was sent by 

 tin- Philadelphia Academy of Science- to examine tlic locality, actu- 

 ally found human l>ones as-ociated with thos4 of the mastodon, hut 

 there apjH'ared in the same connection also a fragment of jxuvelain. 



Later, in following his investigations in the same region, Pro- 

 fessor Holme- di-covered further evidences of the coexistence of 

 man with extinct animals: these were particularly a human lower 

 jaw. a tihia, a femur, some stone implements, and ]>otsherds, which 

 were dugout |xrsonally from an undisturU'd old deposit. The lower 

 jaw was that of an adolescent, and showed a prominent chin and 

 >lrong muscular impressions; the teeth were normal. The femur also 

 showed strong development. 



It seems that Professor Holmes has never puhlished his account of 

 the finds just mentioned, and there is consequently hut little to aid 

 us in the effort to reach a conclusion. Schmidt was inclined to accede 

 to the opinion that the Ixmes were geologically ancient, and sug- 

 gested that they In-longed to a man of the Champlain i>eriod. This 

 view can not IH> sustained in the ahsence of more definite information. 

 Chemical and detailed physical characteristics of the skeletal parts 

 are wanting, and the fate of the bones is unknown. They are not in 

 the Charleston Museum. 



IX. THE CALAVERAS SKULL 



The specimen known as the Calaveras skull is a portion of a some- 

 what fossilized human cranium preserved in the Pealxxly Museum 

 at Cambridge. Prof. F. W. Putnam, director of this museum, 

 kindly |>ermitted the writer to examine the specimen thoroughly and 

 furnished the two photographs which accompany this section. 



It is not necessary to review in t.his place all that has l>ecn written 

 alxmt the skull in question; the original detailed account of it will 

 IK- found in J. I). Whitney's Auriferous (travels of the Sierra Nevada 

 of California," and a resume of this, with additional information and 

 critical remarks, is contained in W. II. Holmes's thorough Review 

 of the Evidence relating to Auriferous Gravel Man in California. 

 published in the Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 189J). 6 

 It -uflice- to -ay that the skull was reported as having l>een found 

 in 1H(H>. in Hald hill, near Altaville. Calaveras county, California. 

 l>\ a mine operator, in a shaft which he had sunk, at the depth of 



P.-.*.- --.7 ..i s,-., : ramhrldK*. HM.. 1*79. * I 'UK.- lt'> 7'_' : Wn*tiliuM..n 10O1. 



