HKHMlKAj 



>Kl III \i. 1:1 M \IN< 



J7 



The mea-IIIVliielit- (if Ixilh -|>eci||ieli> \\hich colil, I U- x-riired exactly 



\\itli a choe decree of approximation an- a- follows: 



' A|>ir<ixlmate. 



The thickness of the frontal IMMII* eouKl not be measured in the cave 

 skull on account of the stala^iuitic (lej>osit insitle, hut it is apparently 

 very nearly the same as that in the Calaveras sjH'cimen. 



Tin- measurements show a somewhat smaller frontal lx)iie in no. 

 225172, which probably indicates that the Calaveras skull as a whole 

 \\ ;i- larger. At all events such differences are not outside of the seojx; 

 of individual variation within a single |>eople. The remaining meas- 

 urrinriii-. particularly the important nasal and orbital indexes, are so 

 much alike that on the basis of these and of the other resemblances it 

 is impossible to do otherwise than to pronounce the two s|ecimens of 

 the same tyjx*, which necessarily leads to the implication that the 

 Calaveras skull is geologically recent. 



There is one feature connected with the Calaveras skull U'sides the 

 -rureity of secondary injuries which may not have received the con- 

 sideration it deserves; this is its calcareous coating, which, though col- 

 ored on the surface, is white and crystalline on fracture, exactly like 

 that of the cave skulls. How could such a coating have IKHMI formed, 

 and formed with much uniformity, over the surfaces of a skull packed 

 in sand or mini and gravel of an ancient river? It is probable that, 

 under >|>ccial circumstances, I tones manifest some affinity for ealcare- 

 oii- matter in solution, and it is known that animal fossils with some- 

 what ^imilar coating have Iteen recovered from ancient sands or jjrav- 

 el-. Thi- phenomenon is most commonly observed in caves or crevices 

 into which water percolates, carrying lime in solution, and, in view of 

 the pre-ence of numerous such caves and crevices in the Calaveras 

 region, the occurrence of typical cavern de]x>sits on the surfaces of the 



