Mftlil.lCXA] 



-Kl ! I PAL l:i M UNfi 



48 



Mand-" -knlN, in lowiic-^ :iiil in other fi-:iinn-i approximating 



to tin* t\| f ill.- Neanderthal cranium. < )nc of the-*- -pecimen~. a 



female skull from the Marken island, showed a height (German 

 method ) of only I'J t-in. 



r'inalh. toward tin- end of 1^7:. .1. ( Jildcmeister published a very 

 interesting account of a scries of remarkably low skulls, from burials 

 in tin- dune under tin- Bremen cathedral.'' The burials, about 30 

 in number, were all of comparatively modern date, tbe oldest being 

 from the ninth or tenth century of the present era. The majority 

 of the crania Monged to the ordinary type, showing tt fair height; 

 thirteen of the skulls, however, presented ehanw'ccphaly, six of them 

 to a most extraordinary degree (see ap(>ended measurements). Gilde- 

 meister regards these specimens as representative of a distinct phys- 

 ical and hence ethnic type, persisting along parts of the northwestern 

 oast of Europe to modern times. The resemblance of this type to 

 that of the Neanderthal skull is striking, though the lowness of the 

 forehead of the latter and its great supraorbital ridges are not 

 approached. 



Gildemeister's measurements of the six most pronounced of the 

 Bremen low skulls follow: 



The specimens, it is seen, are dolichocephalic to mesocephalic, differ 

 greatly in si/e, and are extremely low. The height -length indices 

 are the lowest recorded from any part of the world. None of the 

 skulls is rejx>rted as in any way pathological. 



The foregoing accounts, which do not seem to have been followed 

 ly any additional observations of importance on similar material, 



That In, Markcn. Schoklnnd. I'rk. The account Includes roexnmlnatlon and Illuatra 

 tln of Mliimenliach'H " Hutnt-us <n nuiim-." Decades crnnloriim, pi. Ixlll. See also II. 

 Welrker. CranlolojjlKclH' MltthcllunK?n. Arch. f. Anthrop., I. 153. 18(10. footnote; reports 

 <>n 15 HkiilU from Trk and Marken. with the average height of 12.7 cm. 



1'elxT elnljje nledrlw SchHdel aus der I>omdllne zti Bremen. Abhamll. natunr. 

 . Hi; m, n. iv. 513-524. taf. xll-xlv, 1875. Alo Neue Rchadelfnnde nm IKmaberx'e 

 r.ii Kreiiieti. \ <rhan<ll. der Berliner Ocelleh. f. Anthrop., Ethitol.. and rryttch., 12O. 

 lUTlln. is?:,. 



'The height-lent:! h Index, baaeil on the vertical, or maximum, height, average* In white* 

 near 75 and In generally ahove 7U. 



