I. ITU. KKMAINS 78 



inarkiil liy lillliieroti- Worilliall u*-i, I,-.. .MM! iii ( r;i|. \\illi :i large tri.::r_'lll:il- 



illtcrparictal l-t\\i-li Illf o.-< Ipll: I .UK) parietal IxtlieH. 



" Iii the < alvaria. tin- UNO ino-t onspi. lions element- are tln> eiiormou-l\ de 

 iil superciliary ridges ami tin- low arch of tin- t-rown. 



"Tlii- parietal diameter or maximum breadth of tin- skull n-a.lnil 1 |n t<> l.Vi 



I. mi. Tin- rephalic index could Hot !' . a!< lllalfil \\itll fllll accuracy "li :i<-iiilllit 

 lf the illl|M*rflM-tiii||S ilf till* S|McimcnS. Illlt III nlic ca-e \\.i-. I '-I i 1 1 ia t ci I JIM T'.t Illlll 



iii ii second was somewhat less. In two of the skulls from tin' dither level of 

 tlu> in. .iiml. III.- <. 'phalli- index was 71 ami TS. \\ hil.- Ih.-ir iiinxlliiuni breadth \vnM 

 I.'W iiml 141 nun., \\hi.-h serves to Indicate tin- proinlntMit difference* In fonn 

 I'.-iuccn th<> two Croups of calvarla. In th.- skulls of the up|x>r layer, more- 

 over. tln> IM.IH- is \cry much thinner ami has an entirely .lilT.-r.-ni appearance 

 anil texture. 



"All In all the skeletons* of the lower layer show many points In common with 

 primitive t\ p.- of the human race. In some particulars these primitive char- 

 acters a^i'.'i- with thos<> of the mounil-liull<lirs. anil yet jMtlnts of ilifTcreni'e an* 

 also ohsvrvahle. Compared with the irilii- of Indians which inhahited this 

 region immediately liefore the coming of the Caucasian, these remains show 

 radical differences." 



I'. MU-.I.I K, >/(//. January IS, 1)M)T. " IXIIIK'S hill . . . is a hill of erosion, 

 and no ili^.-oviTahl.' land slip has complicated its simple Keolo^y. On Its sum- 

 mit is <iilder's mound, in the su|M'rt1cial layer of which were found inound- 

 Ituilder remains and in the dee|>er layer ciirht skulls ami many lones of a still 

 luore primitive ty|>e." 



The np|N>r layer, in which the two " mound-luiilders' " skulls were discovered. 

 " has a thickness of LM feet. Below it was an unilistiirlwil layer of unmistak- 

 able loess and iu it numl>crless fragments of human hones and an occasional 

 animal (Mine, loess shells, and stray angular |M>l>hles. 



" In brief, the conclusion Is that in the case of the upi>er Inme layer there was 

 a buria! : in the lower, deposition. Those in the loess doubtless antedate 

 the hill itself, while those in the up|M>r layer are subsequent to it. That archaic 

 burial could have taken place in loess without detection is altogether improb- 

 able. Of necessity there would ri'sult a mixture 1 of black with light soil and a 

 breaking up of the lithologic structure. Where these Inmes occur, the IIK-SS 

 '-(rui-ture and color is perfectly preservid. and it contains characteristic' vertical 

 lime-tulK's, concretions, and shells, precisely as is customary. Out of the evi- 

 dence at hand the writer concludes that b:nes of this layer were strictly syn- 

 chronous with the litcss formation in which they were found, in substantiation 

 of which comes the fragmental nature of all of the loncs. their waterworn condi- 

 tion, their range of distribution, and disassociation of parts. 



"One would scarcely think of such conditions l>eing |x>ssihlc in the case of 

 human burial ; l>esides. It is Improbable that a primitive |>coplc would dig graves 

 to a depth of 12 feet" 



As to the age of the supposed loess man. Professor Barlxmr says: "The chief 

 IMiint is the evidence that human remains have been found in the loess, and 

 whether this is the very oldest or newest IIM-KS seems n secondary considera- 

 tion. The IIK-SS here Is not leached of lime salts, hut Is actively effervetwent at 

 all levels, arguing for r.-.-.-n.-y of deposition. _ All recognize the chronological 

 diversity in the loess formation, and whether Ixmg's hill Is In the main litess 

 l>->dy. as we Itelleve It to be. or in n much more recent one does not materially 

 affect the relation of the hones to some stage of glaciation. the precise glacial 

 or interglacial age lielng as yet undetermined. 



" Tlie loess in question rests on Kansan drift, and though as young as the later 

 Wisconsin sheet or younger, it is nevertheless old." 



