78 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOL<" " [BOLL. S3 



dark discoloratioiiH, IIH on other specimens from tliis locality : there is no 

 I>ereept'ble fossilization, the bones appearing quite recent. The skull is rather 

 broad hou-li not brachyceplwlic. Th<> snpraorhital ridges are of snhinctlium 

 masculine size. The forehead is low and rather sloping, hut the vault-bend Is 

 quite marked; diameter frontal minimum !.T, frontal maximum ll-M <-m.. 

 naslon-bregma arc near 13 cm. Temiwral ridges not pronounced: nearest 

 approach to median line on the right f>. on the left 4.8 cm. There is a slight 

 sagittal elevation. The remaining sutures are all patent; serration of coronal 

 submedium, of sagittal about medium ; a moderate-sized accessory hone exists 

 on each side in the coronal, in the locality of the fetal antero-median fontanel. 

 Ventrally the frontal bone everywhere shows good impressions of brain-convo- 

 lutions. Thickness of left parietal (as far as preserved), 4 to <J mm. 



This specimen bears on its surface marks of cutting an interesting feature 

 which occurs on many other bones from this mound. The incisions extend along 

 the whole lx>rder of what remains of the right parietal and over 4 of that 

 of the left parietal, running nearly parallel with the coronal suture. Numerous 

 vertical cuts or markings on the left resemble very closely imitations of the 

 articular surface of the frontal Iwme. Another evidence of cutting is seen on 

 the anterior part of the sj>ecinien, where a portion o f the right supraorbitai 

 ridge was thus removed. The incisions were all made with some sharp Instru- 

 ment, and the clear-cut edges and ridges produced are not j>ereeptibly worn off. 



SKI u, NO. ;"> 



Frontal part only. The forehead, which is quite low, shows two well-defined 

 depressions which mark it as abnormal, and on this account the specimen can 

 not well be utilized for comparisons. 



KKl'1,1, NO. 



This specimen (plates x. It, xi, b; figures VI, 13, 15), which was dug out from 

 the Gilder mound, at an estimated depth of 5 feet, by a farmer's boy named 

 Joseph, is the cranium pictured in Professor Osborn's account and in the Rar- 

 bour-Ward pai>ers. It is a moderate-sized defective adult male normal cranium. 

 Color pale yellowish, with black discoloration on the dorsal surface of the vault. 

 No perceptible fossilization ; all the parts look quite recent and still retain con- 

 siderable animal matter. 



The skull was apparently mesocephalic, with a cephalic index of about 79. 

 The anterior plane shows a moderate sagittal elevation, the lateral and sui>erior 

 planes are ovoid with the smaller extremity anteriorly, and the ix>sterior plane 

 is pentagonal forms all quite common among Indians. The supraorbitai ridges 

 are pronounced, about as in the Hock Bluff and the Albany Mound crania 

 described In another part of this paj>er (see page 28 et seq.). and their distal 

 extension aids in the formation of a complete, though not very heavy, supra- 

 orbital arch. The forehead is quite low and sloping, yet some vaulting and 

 frontal bend are distinctly noticeable. The temi>oro-parietal region is somewhat 

 fuller than in the other skulls from the mound, showing otherwise nothing 

 unusual; the temporal ridges are moderately marked and their nearest approach 

 to the median line is 5 cni. on the right and 4 cm. on the left side. The occiput 

 Is not protruding; it shows a prominent superior ridge and a separation of the 

 supraoccipital part (epactal bone). The right mastold is of about average mas- 

 culine size. The ventral surface shows nothing peculiar. Thickness of left 

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