80 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 33 



Mcaxurt mcnta of skull no. G, with accomimiiiiiiii/ loin r jaw 



Vault : cm. 



Diameter antero-iMstcrior maximum is. r, 



Diameter lateral maximum, about 14.7 



I Iriu'ht medium. 



Diameter frontal minimum.- ^ ^ 



Diameter frontal maximum : _ 11.65 



Nasion-bregma arc 1 1. r. 



Bregnm-lnmbda arc . _ 11.8 



Lower jaw : 



Vertical height iu middle ::. I 



length of right horizontal ram us 10.8 



Ix'iigth of left horizontal mums 10.5 



Height of right vertical minus . 0.8 



Least breadth of right vertical rarnus 3.75 



SKULL NO. 8 (plates x, a, xi, ay figures 12, 14, 1C) 



Discovered in 181)4, at a depth of less than 5 feet, in Gilder mound, by Charles 

 S. Iluntington. A moderate-sized imperfect adult masculine cranium, recon- 

 structed in the proper way and without distortion, from about a dozen frag- 

 ments. The specimen shows a most interesting conformation but is In no way 

 diseased or deformed. Color pale-yellowish to grayish, with some dark dis- 

 coloration similar to that shown in patches by almost all the crania and many 

 other lK>iies from the same source. The dorsal surface of the vault shows a 

 tendency to scaling, but there Is no chalkiness of the bone, which has a firm 

 structure and no perceptible trace of fossilization. 



The skull is mesocephalic, with length-breadth index of approximately 78. 

 It is ovoid in shape, with the smaller end anteriorly, when viewed from the side 

 or the top, while the outline of its posterior plane approaches the pentagonal. 

 Its most striking and anthropologically interesting characteristics are a very 

 deficient vaulting of the forehead and a large forestructure to the same, con- 

 sisting of a pronounced supraorbital crest and ridges. In this respect it can 

 best be described as neanderthaloid. It does not equal the well-known Neander- 

 thal skull in its crest, ridges, and flat forehead, but approximates it quite closely. 

 The supraorbital ridges and crest are so pronounced that along their whole 

 length a well-marked depression exists between them and the forehead. There 

 Is no trace of frontal bosses and but little vaulting. The glal>ella lies in a 

 depression 2.5 mm. deep between the excessive ridges. There are :i slight 

 metopic ridge and a little more pronounced sagittal elevation, terminating ;ir 

 the middle' of the sagittal suture In a well-marked summit. The temporo- 

 parietal regions, moderately convex, show nothing unusual. The temi>oral 

 ridges, nowhere pronounced, are marked over the anterior half of the parietals 

 by a depression: their nearest approach to the median line on the right is 4.5 

 cm. (left?). The occiput shows medium convexity and a pronounced sii|Mrior 

 crest. The right mastoid Is of rather subinedinin male pro|x>rtlons. The 

 sutures show suhmedium serration; obliteration is visible externally in the 

 posterior four-fifths of the sagittal, and in small spots along the lamttdoid. 

 The base is wholly lacking. Ventrally there is no special feature. Thickness 

 of left parietal, 5 to 7 mm. 



