XIX. APPENDIX 



KM i \i INDIVN SKUJJ* OK IW TVPK IN TIIK II. S. NATIONAL 



MlSKI'M 



Tin- | (receding paper shows that in numerous cases great weight has 

 given to the low and sloping forehead, esjH'cially when accom- 

 panied by heavy brows, as an index of low tyi>e ami on occasion as 

 evidence of antiquity. 



The notion that the low forehead signifies low intelligence gained 

 wide acceptance in the early part of the last century through the 

 teachings of phrenology, while the connection of heavy supraorhital 

 arches and low front with human antiquity is principally due to the 

 fact that these features in an exaggerated form characterize the 

 crania of Neanderthal and Spy (no. 1), the latter specimen, at least. 

 l>eingof undoubted geological Antiquity. Subsequent to the discovery 

 of these crania it liecame customary, even among men of science, to 

 regard massive supraorbital ridges and low foreheads as necessary 

 MHiiatological accompaniments of antiquity in the human skull. This 

 led to the rather premature acceptance of the view that early men in 

 general were characterized by these features, that, in other words, 

 these anatomical characters represent a developmental stage of man; 

 and from t! s it was but a step to the acceptance of the notion that 

 ail occurrences not clearly pathological of similar formation a IT 

 reversions an impression which is prevalent to this day. 



Following the intense interest produced in scientific circles by the 

 discovery of the Neanderthal. Spy. Most (Bruex). Pod ha ha. and other 

 skulls referred to the Quaternary period in Europe, there came in the 

 course of time a number of reports by Busk, Davis, Blake. I'runer- 

 Bey. Turner, Godron, and others, of more or less recent crania with 

 " neandert haloid " features that is, heavy brows and low fore- 

 head from different parts of Kuro|>e as well as from Asia ami Aus- 

 tralia. An account of most of these sjx'cimens will l>e found in Qua- 

 trefage^ and Hamy's Crania Kthnica (i livraison, "21 et seq.. Paris, 

 -77), and should l*e jx>rused in this connection. The anomaly 

 \va- iimv-n vrdly ascribed to atavism. 



NonptthoJogical recent American crania with pronounced supra - 

 orbital ridge- and low foreheads thus far have not been made the 

 -ubject of a -pi-rial report, yet -in -h specimens are not very rare in 

 our collection-. The National Mii-eimi alone jiossesses a eonsider- 



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