332 



to the workman, and being little likely to get out of 

 place in the drain. 



In setting the tiles upon the soles care is taken not 

 to let the joins correspond, but to have the joinings of 

 the tiles intermediate with those of the soles, so as to 

 give steadiness to both. In places where two drains 

 meet, there was formerly some difficulty in uniting them 

 without the danger of getting the drain choked by 

 broken bits of tile or stone : this has been since obviated 

 by making main-tiles with an opening on 

 one side, for this express purpose, so that 

 the branch drain-tile can be fitted into 

 it with perfect exactness. Where the 

 branch-drain is smaller and not so deep as 

 the main-drain, it is often simply brought 

 with its end resting upon the main, and 

 the water will soon find its way into it. 

 The principal main-drain of a field is made 

 on its lowest side, and forms the outlet 

 from which the whole water of the field 

 generally flows. In making this drain at 

 first, much trouble is saved by a little 

 attention to order and regularity. While 

 some of the workmen are making the trench 

 of the required depth and size, others are 

 bringing the tiles and soles in carts, and 

 laying them down, not promiscuously, but 

 in the most convenient manner for the hand of the 

 workman who will lay them in their places ; that is, 

 the tiles should be placed end to end along the whole 

 line, and a sole placed against every tile on the side 

 nearest the drain. At regular distances, where branch- 

 drains are to meet the main, the tiles already spoken of, 

 with openings in their sides, together with the common 

 tile which is to fit into each, should be laid down in 

 their places. All this will save time and trouble after- 

 wards. 



The ti'euch being finished, and the sides and bottom 



DRA.I-S--SCOOP. 



