CYLINDRICAL DRAIN-TILES. 333 



neatly trimmed with the narrow drain-spade, the work- 

 man proceeds to lay the soles and tiles, stand- ^^ 

 ing constantly in the trench, and having them 

 handed to him by an assistant. The width of the 

 main-drain sole is ten inches, whatever the size 

 of the tile to be laid upon it ; it also fits exactly 

 the bottom of the drain. The tiles and soles, 

 when once laid down, are carefully secured in 

 their places by earth firmly pressed between 

 them and the sides of the drain. The main- 

 drain is completed by building masonry, to 

 protect its mouth, where the water will be dis- 

 charged into a ditch. It is a good plan to place BARROW 

 an iron grating across the opening to prevent DRA.IN- 

 rats from entering it. 



When the main-drain is thus finished, the smaller 

 drains have to be proceeded with, and in these the 

 nature of the work is very much the same, the opera- 

 tions being repeated on a smaller scale, with a very 

 narrow drain-spade and small soles and tiles. 



Many attempts have been made to contrive a drain- 

 tile which shall answer the purpose of sole and tile in 

 one, and thus lessen the cost. The simplest form is 

 a mere cylindrical pipe-tile, which might answer every 

 purpose were it not for the difficulty of fixing it so per- 

 fectly, end to end, as 

 to ensure the flow of 

 water. The least dis- 

 placement of one of the 

 tiles would evidently CYLINDRICAL PIPE-TILE. 



destroy the drain and injure the land. There are 



m 



PIPE-TILE, WITII COLLAR. 



several contrivances for preventing the cylindrical pipe- 

 tile from slipping out of its place. One of these is a 



