chap. xn. REINDEER HARNESS. 125 



It is somewhat difficult to express the exact sound iu English 

 characters, since almost every Samoyede word is pronounced 

 either nasally or gutturally. 



The Samoyede for sledge is khan, the kh pronounced like 

 ch in German, and the n like n in Spanish. 



A reindeer is tu, the u like the German ii. There are 

 three sorts of reindeer, kho-ra til, the entire male reindeer ; 

 khdb'-tu, the cut reindeer ; and yah' tii, the female reindeer. 

 These adjectives are also used in reference to horses and 

 other cattle. 



The piece of leather over the body of the animal, which 

 takes the place of our saddle, is called the yode'-ye-na. The 

 narrower band round the neck, in place of the collar, is the 

 pode'-yur. The single trace attached to the lower part of the 

 collar, and passing between the legs under the body, is called 

 the sa. The blind pulley, or pulley block without a pulley 

 through which it passes, is the pydt-sdj/. The halter, or 

 bridle without a bit, is the syahn. The halter of the leading 

 reindeer is the nyes'-min-dye syahn. The halter of the other 

 reindeer is the pye-lay' syahn. The rein with which the 

 leading reindeer is guided is the met'-d-nye. The hook on 

 the side of the saddle-band on which the rein rests is the 

 khdl-soo-ld. The swivel or universal joint by which the rein 

 is attached to the halter is the sur'-nye. A button which 

 serves to fasten the trace to the collar, or the belly-band to 

 the saddle, is the pdy'-sik. The long pole with which the 

 reindeer are driven is the toor, and the bone or ivory nob at 

 the end of it the todr-mdhl'. The rein connecting the leading 

 reindeer with the one next to it, is the poo-l-nyd. A lasso is 



