I9Q2] WIND-DIRECTION AND TEMPERATURE 171 



our watchers on the hilltops, and we settled down to wait for 

 their return. 



It was about this time that we first began to notice the 

 strange relation between the direction of the wind and the 

 temperatures we experienced in our small bay. 'With the 

 wind from north or south, or anywhere to the westward of 

 these points, the thermometer rises above 20 and the air is 

 soft and mild. But should an easterly wind arise — and this is 

 the most constant direction of our winds — the temperature falls 

 to zero or below, and the air is rendered more biting by fine 

 particles of snow blown from the hill surfaces. Last night 

 light airs were succeeded by a squally southerly breeze ; the 

 thermometer showed a maximum of 25 ; I noticed my bunk 

 unusually warm, and in the morning found water on the upper 

 deck. To the eastward is the barrier, and doubtless the cold 

 weather is due to air carried from its extensive surface. . . . 

 The northerly breeze coming from the sea would naturally be 

 warmed, but it is difficult to account for the warmth of the 

 southerly winds, unless it is an effect of descending currents 

 from the higher levels. We should welcome both northerly 

 and southerly breezes were it not that the first brings a swell 

 and the last a continual prospect of being beset by drifting ice. 

 Of the several evils, the least is undoubtedly the cold, and 

 with a southerly wind especially one does not feel that our bay 

 affords a good protection ; luckily, so far, it has not lasted at 

 any time for more than a few hours, nor has it blown with any 

 great force. We have only experienced the lightest puffs of 

 air from the west, in which direction our bay affords least 

 protection. 



' We have now got our windmill up, and it revolves merrily. 

 The mill regulates itself to a certain extent by its large rudder, 

 which causes it to face more obliquely to the wind as its force 

 increases, but this is only partial regulation, and with changes 

 in the wind there is considerable variation in the speed of the 

 mill. The dynamo stands on deck beneath the mill, and has 

 an ingenious contrivance with a sucking magnet to regulate 

 the current output by altering the resistance in the field 



