74 LABORATORY DIRECTIONS 



Size of Body. 



1. From the casts or fossils of the feet, note the increase in size through 

 successive geological periods. 



2. On a chart representing restorations of the entire animals, based 

 on measurements of the fossil bones, note the increase in stature from 

 Eohippus to Equus. 



C. SUMMARY 



State carefully the course of evolution of the cephalopods and of the 

 horse with regard to the features studied in the foregoing exercise. Make 

 reference to your figures. Note that some of the forms studied may not 

 be in the direct line of descent, but are probably offshoots. Which are 

 these? In which continents did the early, middle, and late development 

 of the horse chiefly take place? Make use of these points in your sum- 

 mary. The summary of the horse should include a table showing the 

 continents where its development took place, the geological periods, and 

 the changes in feet, teeth, skull, and stature. 



Readings Concerning the Evolution of the Horse 



1. SCOTT, W. B., "The Theory of Evolution," pp. 98-109. 



2. LULL, R. S., "Evolution of the Horse Family," American Journal of Science, 

 March, 1907. 



3. NICHOLSON, H. A., "Manual of Paleontology," pp. 335-340. 



4. DENDY, A., "Outlines of Evolutionary Biology," pp. 307-312. 



5. COPE, E. D., "Primary Factors of Evolution," pp. 146-149. 



6. MATTHEW, W. D., "The Evolution of the Horse," supplement to American 

 Museum Journal, January, 1903. 



Readings Concerning Cephalopod Evolution 



1. LULL, R. S., "Organic Evolution," Chapter XXVI, especially pp. 429-433. 



2. WILLIAMS, H. S., "Geological Biology," Chapter XIX, especially pp. 350-358. 



