BIRD-STUDY 93 



yy Wing primaries unbarred 



z White at base of tail 



$ Basal half of tail 



white Broad-winged Hawk 



|J Only rump white Marsh Hawk 



zz No white at base of 

 tail 



t Tail with three to 

 five black bars 



Broad-winged Hawk, immature 

 J| Tail with more 

 black bars 



Swainson's Hawk, immature 



xx At least the belly unstreaked, 

 white 



y White rump Marsh Hawk 



yy Rump not white 



z Head light Fish Hawk 



zz Head dark 



Broad-winged Hawk, immature 



EE Bill not hooked: swallows, swifts, and night- 

 hawks 



I A white spot on underside of dark wing Nighthawk 



II No white spot on underwing 



O Entire bird one color, no conspicuous marks; 

 bird black or very dark 



X Tail somewhat forked Purple Martin, male 



XX Tail not forked but tipped with bristles Chimney Swift 

 OO Bird not all over one color 



X Tail deeply forked Barn Swallow 



XX Tail not deeply forked 



Y Throat chestnut Cliff Swallow 



YY Throat gray or white 



a Under parts all white Tree Swallow 



aa Under parts not all white 



o A black band across the 



breast Bank Swallow 



oo No black band across the 

 breast 

 x Upper parts with metallic 



reflections Purple Martin, female 



xx Upper parts without 



metallic reflections Rough-winged Swallow 



