CONTENTS 



PAGE 



To the Student I 



PART I 



ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



Meaning of the Terms . . . ,......*-.. 9 



A Generalized Plant (Spirogyra) n 



A Specialized Plant (e.g., The Bean Seedling) . ...... \ . 16 



Structure of the Foliage Leaf . ............. \ . 17 



Transpiration 22 



Absorption of Water by Plants . ........;..... 29 



The Path of Water in the Plant. . . . .. : . . . '. ( .- . . , . 34 



Mechanical Uses of Water in the Plant ...,..."..... 36 



Nutrition .- . . .... . ".' . 39 



The Occurrence of Carbohydrates in Plants 40 



Formation of Carbohydrates , . . ... . . . , . . .- ... 45 



Alcoholic Fermentation 5 



Respiration -.,...;.... 53 



The Influence of External Conditions on the Plant 56 



PART II 



MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY 



Meaning of the Terms 59 



An Outline of the Classification of Plants 61 



Directions for Study 63 



Polypodium vulgare (Common polypody) 63 



Polytrichum commune (Common hair-cap moss) ....,. 74 



Marchantia polymorpha (A liverwort) 84 



Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder wrack) . . ,. . . . ... . . 96 



Vaucheria sessilis (Green felt) . . . 102 



Spirogyra (Pond scum, Green silk). 106 



Pleurococcus vulgaris (Green slime) ' . IIQ 



Phycomyces nitens (or Rhizopus nigricans) 113 



Saprolegnia (Water mold) 117 



Albugo Candida (Blister blight) 121 



Agaricus campestris (Meadow mushroom) 125 



vii 



