1596 SAGE 



SAGE {Salviii offichialis). For at least three cen- 

 turies this shrubby, Hbrous-rooted perennial from 

 southern Europe has been widely cultivated in kitchen 

 gardens for its aromatic, whitish green, wrinkled, oval 

 leaves. These are arranged oppositely on ascending or 

 decumbent branching stems which seldom exceed 18 in. 

 in height. In early summer the upper parts o£ these 

 bear generally blue, though sometimes pink or white 

 flowers, followed by almost black spheroidal seeds borne 

 in the open cups. The name Salvia is derived from 

 salvo, to save, in reference to the plant's use in ancient 

 medicine; the name sage, from its supposed power to 

 make people wise by strengthening the memory. In 

 modern medicine it is but little used. In domestic 

 practice it is, however, credited with tonic, sudorific, 

 carminative, anthelmintic and stomachic properties, 

 and is frequently used as a gargle for aphthous affec- 

 tiims of the iiuaitli aud pliarx iix. Its pleasant, though 

 |,n\wi-i'ii I -iiH 111 ML' , '>li I ' li ■ ii Ii :i V fs are used for flavor- 

 in ,1 , , ,/ I M ; i ! ■■( i-lieese, for seasoning 



., ii, ,1 ! ill' ■' I ■ dressings with lus- 



,.,,,, 11. 1, iM i' ih II I i'l'i-k. goose and duck. 



, iln.. to a volatile 

 niii^' rapidly dissi- 

 ^li-mld be gathered 

 isr they are then 

 iiav be "made. For 

 sii'ice this plan is 

 he plants are cut in 



and the stumps, it 

 iitumn ; or if grown 

 nnion way, they are 



Plants grown "from 

 [ice three crops in a 

 1. airv room is best 



SAGITTARIA 



iibbed to a powder and 



as a secondary cit-c, \\ li 

 cut only once — iKiiii. 1\ . 

 cuttings (see beliiw i «i 

 season. Upon a smill 

 for drying, the ).l.iiii^ 

 racks or the floor. "C ti 

 Upon a larger scnl. ,l 

 current of warm ;iir : 

 After drying, the It-av 

 stored in air-tight vessels. 



Sage does best in an open, sunny aspect and a well- 

 drained, mellow loam of medium texture, rich in humus 

 and nitrosfiioiis mntf(.r. Stable manure or a fertilizer 

 conTaitiiiiL'' ii'ifii^b. ]i1i<i-|.li..ric :M'i<l .-md nitrogen should 

 bi- a|ii.lii-d l.i.fiiri- til.' |.l.iwni^'. il' dciiH- ill the spring. 

 Fall iil"\viii^' is ^.-iiirallv |iirf. rr...l ^h.-rr Sage alone is 

 to oi'.-upv the laud. Ill e;Hli '■:,■,,■ plnwiii;; should be as 

 deep as the surface soil will pmtitaVily permit. Thorough 

 fining of the soil must precede, and clean cultivation 

 follow planting, the plants being set in drills about 

 15 in. apart and 10 in. asunder for nianiial cultivation or 

 18-21 in. aliart :ni.l In in. ^iMm-l-r I'-r i."". i r nli u ,iti.,n. 



Theform.TnH.tli..,! is, ,i- :, . i^ ... .:. ilM.u-h 



more lal.nri.ius. Al'hi- lii' ii the 



bed is t" !"• |ir,-,,,:M,.,ii. iH.iiiM ,11 ,. 1,11.,:, IP. II- -,,..,,1.1 be 



,„ul,-]|..,l ,li I, l,:,,v "I- "Lli,-l- lual.-llal lr..-i- Irom 



^v, ,.,!-... [ ., I ,1 practice it is common to divide 



til,. ,.|,i,,,i .1 III, -ethe plants becomestraggling 



if l,.ft I : inmercial scale, however, it is 



t„.ii,., I.. ; I i.'s or seedlings. Propagation 



,i.;ix I,, . . .1 . . .1. <Mittiiii,'s, layers or division. 

 f-,..^,l, li . ..I iiM-li lii^ts three years, may be 



,]|.il].,l .|,:i ' ■ 1 . Ill L-T-, ,.nli<.use, hotbed or cold- 



!■,■:, 1,1,. ill •:,rl\ I., II': "i I "f iloors, as soon as the 



.ground berniiii's .lii ,ii,.iilIi, in specially prepared beds 

 of fine soil, cov.ruiL; ili. in ;,i.,,iit % in. deep. In the 

 former case the i,l;,iits nmsi !„■ jiricked out and hard- 

 ened off to render tlinn st.„k.v and hardy before trans- 

 planting; in the latter, tlu y are taken directly to the 

 field. This operation may be iierforined from mid-June 

 until late July, the plants being not less than 2-3 in. 

 tall. The former method, which is considered the 

 better, is the common commercial practice. Cuttings 

 may be of mature or of immature wood. With each, 

 shade and moisture are essential to success. Mature 

 wood cuttings, made in early spring, should be ready 

 •for the field in less than six weeks; immature, taken 



from outside shoots . 

 blossom heads, are Icfi 

 lowing year. Such |.' 

 than those grown fi, 

 seedlings, and are, tli, i 

 to occupy the land, liu 

 vegetable, mature wood 



.ri- llii\' would form 



iiM.L' K.'.l iihiil thefol- 



.111 spring 



1., I.. lulL.v, .sume early 

 . ogcouic, iu„vu,o „^^^ ^^...^o" or sccdliug plants will 

 probably be found best, though little or nothing can be 

 cut before September. As practiced by market-garden- 

 ers in the vicinity of New York each of the above 

 nietli,"ls has it> a.lvocates, but practically all agree upon 

 the ],l.,\Miti; .-,11,1 harrowing of the ground in June or 

 Jiih :,li, r li:,r\ , .-ting an early crop, such as beets, cab- 

 ba-.' , r p,:,-. .\n,,ut twi.-e ill the three weeks after 



allowed to till the space. Atih, ' .i i m 



should make about two marl., ' : i 



second at least three. This p i i i i ~ 



In .\iiii.ii,'ii ilir i;r,-,n. I.r, ,:i,M,.:, vi.cl varieties are in 

 far L'iT;,i,.r .Liniiml tluiii 111,. ,-,.l.,ri..l and the narrow- 

 Icavi-d kin, Is. Tin- l„st vari.ty UiM.wii to the writer is 

 Holt Mammoth, which is exceptionally prolific of large 

 leaves. It is said to produce no seed. ji. q_ Kaixs. 



SAGE BRUSH. Species of Artemisia. 



SAGE, JERUSALEM. See Phlomis. 



SAGENIA 1,1. rivation unknown). Pohjpodi&cece . A 

 genus of fiins, iiHistly ,,f large and coarse habit, with 

 superior niiil im i h, m shaped indusia fixed by the 

 sinus, as in 1 1' i .: i . i with veins uniting freely to 



form are,,l, hided veinlets. About 2."i 



species ar,' I-. n. lii -< 1,. from the East Indies, a few 



from tropical America. 



deciirrens, Presl. Leaf-stalks narrowly winged from 

 a creeping rootstock: Ivs. 2-i ft. long, 1 ft. or more 

 wide, cut down to a winged rachis and with 4-8 pairs of 

 pinnae 6-12 in. long, 1-2 in. wide : sori large, in two 

 regular rows between the principal veins. India to 

 Polynesia. l.. m. Underwood. 



SAGINA (Latin, fatness; perhaps alluding to the 

 forage value. Caryophyll&cea. Pearlwort. About 

 8 species of annual or perennial tufted herbs, mostly 

 from the temperate regions of the world. Lvs. 

 awl -shaped: fis. small, usually comparatively long- 

 stemmed; sepals 4-5; petals 4-5, entire or slightly 

 emarginate, minute or none; stamens equal in number 

 to the sepals or twice as many: ovary 1-loculed, many- 

 seeded: styles of the same number as the sepals and 

 alternate with them. 



BUbuIita, Wimm. {S. pilifera, Hort. Splrgula pil- 

 Ifera, Hort. Spirgula subulMa, Sw.). Peaklwort. 

 An evergreen, hardy, densely tufted little plant, cov- 

 ering the ground like a sheet of moss: lvs. very small, 

 stiff, aristate on the margin, linear: stems branching 

 and creeping: fls. white, studded all over the plant on 

 long,very slender peduncles. July-Sept. Corsica. R.H. 

 1896, p. 435. R.B. 20:153.-Var. aiirea has lvs. marked 

 with yellow. A good rock-plant in shady places. Cult, 

 similar to Arenaria. Prop, by division. 



P. W. Barclay. 



SAGITTABIA (Sagitta is Latin for arrow). Alis- 

 mtteea. Arrowhead. A small genus of vei-y variable 

 aquatic plants, the number of species depending on the 

 point of view of eacL author. Nearly or quite 100 spe- 

 cific names occur in flip genus, but Micheli, the latest 

 monograplnr I In'. M.,ii,,L'r. Phaner. 3) reduces the 

 species to i:;, l,.iii ,! w In. li are doubtful. In his mono- 

 graph of tlir Am, ri,:,ii l,,inis (6th Rep. Mo. Hot. Gard.) 

 Jared G. Smiili :„linii~ Ul si.ecics. The present ten- 

 dency amongst Aiiiiri,;in '.\ rii.r- is to recognize several 

 rather than few spiM'i's. In ,s,iiini,,ii with most aquatic 

 plants, they are wi.l. h ,li-n ii.ui, ,1. They occur in 

 many parts of the worM, in l,"tli t,iiiiierate and tropical 



