SAPONARIA 



1613 



I f the 

 bore 1 nto 

 ols slowly 

 lay 

 II t av 



11 e 

 P 

 t kes place 

 I at a rate 

 lo The 

 1 fro the 



appendage di»k annular usuallj crenate hearing 8 10 

 stamens seeds with long testa and no aril black or 

 nearly so 



The fruit has an alkaline principle known as saponin 

 which makes it useful for cleansing purposes. The 

 fruit was much used in eastern countries before the in- 

 troduction of soap and is still preferred for washing the 

 hair and cleansing delicate fabrics like silk. 



A. Lfts. 4-7. 

 Saponiria, Linn. A small tree with rough grayish 

 bark : lfts. oblong-lanceolate and acute to elliptic-ovate 

 and somewhat obtuse, opposite or alternate, entire, gla- 

 brous, veiny and lucid above, tonientulose beneath: 

 rachis usually winged: fr. lucid, 6-8 lines in diam. S. 

 Pla.,W. India and S. Amer. Cult, in S. Pla. and S. Calif. 



Lfts. 



-IS. 



maT^niltus, Willd. A tree reaching ultimately 60 ft. 

 in height: lfts. 7-13, lance-oblong, acuminate, glabrous 

 above, paler beneath and somewhat pubescent on the 

 midnerve, 2-5 in. long, the upper nearly opposite, the 

 lower alternate; rachis wingless, narrowly margined or 

 marginless : fls. white, sometimes tinged with red in 

 pyramidal panicles; petals ciliate and bearing near the 

 base a 2-lobed villous scale; filaments villous: fr. yel- 

 low, about 8 lines long. May, June. Kan. to Tex., Ariz, 

 and N. Mexico. B.B. 2:402. -Cult, for ornament in S. 

 Fla. 



iltilis, Trab. A species from S. China which is not 

 distinguishable from H. marginatus, Willd., by descrip- 

 tions. Lfts. 12-14, acute, glabrous: fr. glabrous, nearly 

 globose, strongly keeled. R.H. 1895, p. 30-t. — According 

 to Pranceschi this tree is cult, in Algeria, where it comes 

 into bearing in 8-10 years. "The berries contain 38 per 

 cent of saponin. Trees have been known Ui yield $10 to 

 $20 worth of berries every ye&r. The trees prefer dry, 

 rocky soil." p. -^v. Barclay. 



SAPIUM (old Latin name used by Pliny for a resin- 

 iferous pine). Mttphorbi&cece. About 25 species of 

 milky-juiced tropical trees or shrubs. Lvs. opposite, 

 petioled; petioles and scale-like bracts biglandular: 

 fls. in terminal spikes, the pistillate single below, the 

 staminate in 3's above, all apetalous; sepals imbricated. 



nited below stamens'' 3 filaments free capsule wth 

 ^ 3 1 ee le 1 loc le e or le HI a 3 w nged cen 



11 n ft 1 1 



seb fe 1 1 / f M ell St I 



I M I 1 EE Lv 1 ' n 



^ a y coat 

 As a fo 

 11 reg on 



ug wi 1 I I II 



mak ngc 11 ^ I 1 



Nat ral z 1 1 I I 



1 1 N RTON 



SAPODILLA NASEBEEKY on e of 



Achras Sapota 1 ( i I 1 / M 11 ) a t ee f 



tl W 11 L tr 1 V 1 tl So th 



A It t 1 f tl I le Wo tl FH 



fo t f t F 41 It o e f tie 6 ;o/ It 



is an evergreen tree, the thick, lance-oblong, entire, 

 shining lvs. clustered at the ends of the branches. The 

 fls. are borne on the rusty-pubescent growths of the 

 season; they are small and perfect; calyx with 6 lobes 

 in 2 series; corolla 6-lobed, whitish, scarcely exceeding 

 the rusty calyx; stamens 6. Fruit size and color of a 

 small russet apple, very firm, with 10-12 compartments 

 containing large black seeds, the juice milky, flavor 

 sweet and pear-like. The fruit is much prized in warm 

 countries. Prom the juice, large quantities of chewing 

 gum are made. As ordinarily seen in the South and in 

 the West Indies, it is a bushy tree 10-20 ft. high, mak- 

 ing a handsome subject. It is said to bear well in pots. 

 L. H. B. 

 SAPONAKIA (Latin for soap; the roots can be used 

 like soap for washing). CaryophytlAcete. SoAPWORT. 

 A genus of about 25 species of annual or perennial 

 herbs, natives of Europe and Asia, allird to Sili'iie :uid 

 Gypsophila. Calyx ovoid or oblong-tulHihir, r.-ti.diliid. 

 obscurely nerved: petals 5, narrowly cl.nvr.i. liinli in- 



10: 



A. Stem stout, erect. 

 officinalis, Linn. Bouncino Bet. Pig. 2250. A per- 



p.i-i ■■ [laiiiculate cymes; caly\ ulal.rMu,, iIh- 



ti-i-ih 1 ri:uui;l,irl\- acuminate; petal l..i.i-s olxivatc en- 

 tire, notclied at apex. July, Aug. Europe. -Var. flore- 

 plfino is quite double-flowered. S. Cnnedsica, Hort., is 

 said to be a deeper-colored double form. 



AA. Stem slender, decumbent. 



B. Lvs. obtuse: plants annual. 



Calabrica, Guss. A low-growing annual, with pink 



fls.: lvs. oblong-spatulate, obtuse, about 1-nerved: fls. 



