1644 



SEEDAGE 



even temperature is desired, as in bacteriological work. 

 Fresh air or different gases can be forced into the 

 chamber at one of the openings at the top (Pig. 229(i, 

 c, c) and out at the bottom (Pig. 2290, f). Each of the 

 openings at the end (Fig. 229U, 



„ , /', <;) is closed with a screw cap. 



The chamber is provided with 

 tiiree tin- lined copper pans, 



■ •ording to ihr Li 



i-thod. The pans 



hold porous s a 



The chamber when empty 

 weighs about 100 pounds, and 

 ■is therefore easilv moved. 

 The shelves will hold about 60 

 blotter tests, with an equal 

 jmber of duplicates. It rests 

 of groove in'.iiamberinto upon a detachable base consist- 

 whicli fits c. projection on ing of a stout iron frame 15 in. 

 door; d. d. Joor fastener, high, inclosed with a sheet-iron 



Other Forms of Germinating Apparatus.— The so- 

 called "Geneva tester," invented at the Experiment 

 Station at Geneva, N. Y., consists of an oblong pan of 

 galvanized iron or tin with ledges 

 near the top upon wliidi ;ir.- >us|.. 

 Pig. 2298. Over tii.^,. r.,A^ iv, /m i 

 cloth, arranged in I"!. Is. wiHi .M.h 

 hanging down into tin- wtiiir, wliirh 

 of the pan. The lower edges of the I 

 at o) to hold them in place. The s, 

 tween these folds and are kept hum 

 traction; no provision is made for r. 

 perature, the pan being placed in . 



2297. One-half of door (in 



hooks for holding 



lid the inside 

 metal rods. 

 ig a strip of 

 of the strip 

 s Tlie bottom 



Porous saucers of unglazed clay set in shallow pans 

 containing water are often used for fine seeds. Owing 

 to the dilficulty of procuring clav saucers of equal po- 

 rosity plaster of Paris geriiiinatinu- .li-I.es (Fig. 2299) 

 are recommended. These erm 1,. mieii l.v any one at a 

 trifling cost by means of a wccdrn mold, with a detach- 

 able top which consists of .-in "i.liriin \ |.,ii f glass to 



which a Petri dish is atfaeli. .1 ,;], i.. rn-. ;■ ;ii(i. 



A very simple appar.at\is i I.. 



in Pig. 2301. It consists ..r : ih. ■, i , :,: ■.. 

 dipped," whicl 



2298. Geneva seed -tester. 



inside and out to |.rr\eiii nisiiiiK. The bottom of the 

 basin is covered wiili waiei, .hkI .i small flowerpot sau- 

 cer is placed inside. The seeds are laid between two 

 layers of moist blotting pa|ier placed in the bottom of 

 the saucer, and a pane of glass covers the dish, which 

 is to be kept in a temperature of about 70° P., such as 

 an ordinary living-room. The basin may be left partly 

 open f-om time to time to permit exchange of air and 



SEEDAGE 



gases. By using a good-sized dish with small saucers, 

 and renewing the water occasionally, several kinds of 

 seed may be tested at once at little expense. Extremes 

 of temperature and excessive moisture must be avoided. 

 A still simpler germinating ouTIit than this and quite 

 satisfactory for most cereals and \r;:, t;dij. -eeils con- 

 sists of two soup plates, one i;- ' i , and two 



layers of cloth to hold the seed - i le.uld be 



kept niiiist but not too wet. -.1 , ■ irhook of 



IlloT'. S. n. |.;irti,M'ii[ of A-rl. i, ' ,- , i • ' , ,. Isl.) 



7: „ . .. ' '.. . \ I. i.ii.> I •,.. ,.i 'n ■ ,.;,, F.) is 

 u. I,. !• ,. ,: -::, .,,/ ,1 • • . , ■. ~' S,-eds of 



'■• I. 1., I : .1 . ,u,.i iM.uld be 



.suljje>ua lo aluri.aUuy U la|,. i .uul . ., ol Ja C. and 30° 



C, the higher being used for six hours out of the 

 twenty-four. 



Duration of Germination Tests. — For purposes of 



comparison it 

 time for condn 

 periods have In 

 tically the sam 

 For laborato 





desirabl 



have uniform periods of 

 tion tests. The following 

 this country and are prac- 

 1 throughout Europe. 



beet fruits, r\ e -ra~-. llaiothv. ami .i.i. i- 



rj'e grass, and timothy; 28 full days for poa and Ber- 

 muda grass. Soil tests are to be continued two days 

 longer in each case and the sprouts counted only at the 



Special Trrnt 

 (iom. -Soaking 

 placing them in 

 practiced, is lo 

 seeds of aspai 

 okra, and 

 to advantage, 

 should be pi. 



dory to Germina- 

 1-15 hours before 

 ilier, as frequently 

 a rule. 



which moulds develop upon 



onion seed, it should be soaked for an hour in a solu- 



riou consisting of one part bichloride of mercury to 



I, "do |,.i,t- ol' «;,i,r. Su.di .,,e,K a^ okra, asparagus, 



I : I ', I , lie sprout better if 



! , n not to injure the 



^, !■: I ,, : , ,,: ,1 , ■ , i, , , , i,,:,de of the value of 

 Ural ill , ■ ,i ■ T, ,,, • i,,M, iM I ,, :,u to hapten germ- 



epended 



must I.e iak.,11 Tiot to idant ll„-s,,,d^ I lo,,|,|y. Seed 



of red-lo], and .Iniie i;rass should ho ^..wn upon the 



surtare and tlio li-liresi [.os^jldi ver of soil or sand 



given it. P.eloir |d,iniiim ihe soil should be thoroughly 

 watered, ami alh r -owitrj ,a fine rose spray should be 

 used to av<ii<l di-nnl.inL' iln- seeds. The same remarks 

 will applv to .oil I, .1- ,ir other fine seed. 



T" i.rrviii ,>,,Mniiiij I ,'i|iiv L'lnmes (chaff) a mirror- 

 Itox ( I'lL' L'::oL' I is II ~i iiil, dills eon nsts of a box of hard 



ami li ^ 111 li iL li. I lie 1 r ,!d 1,1 11 m- oiuii. and the top eon- 

 sisiiirj ,,r ,11 ,,i,!ii,,ir\- pane of gla-s. The inside of the 

 box I 1, 111,1, i 1 ,i, iiii Idiiek. Attached by hinges to the 

 upiH r 1 111 JO, I Ihe box in front is a rectangular piece 

 of id, ! 1 I, 1 hoard, 12 X 8 in. in size. A smaller 

 pier, ,1 ,11 ,11 , nil, 8 in. sc|uare. is attached to each 

 end of ilii 1,,,- .: 1 . ill,,,,. 1 1 ,1_, , ddi. o i„,;inls are for 



the i.nri'o , , , ,i,i '! , u 'hi. In the 



center of ilio i 1 ■ , 1 11 111 , : oi. in size, 



reflect the light winch elUers ihe open side of the box 

 up through the glass top. 



Grass seeds are spread thinly over the surface of 

 the glass top, and the mirror adjusted so as to throw 

 the light up through the seed. The operator faces the 



